JCT Design & Build Contract Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

JCT Design & Build Contract - Coursework Example One other significant change to the payment provisions is the outlawing of the clause ‘pay when paid’. The new act also sets timescales to follow when making payments for contracts. Another change regarding the payments is that if one party fails to issue notice of payment as the contract requires, the other party can step in and issue such notice, extending the date for final payment. Any such payments specified by notice ought to be paid before the final date of payment. Contracts stand to benefit a lot from these amendments. Unlike in the previous law, contractors have an active role in the payment provisions. For instance, contractors can recover some of their funds for the work done when a contract is suspended. This was not possible in the previous legal framework. Contractors can also benefit from the fact that contracts no longer have to be in written. Some of the matters agreed upon by the parties verbally can also be incorporated in the contract. This ensures that the contractors are not shortchanged whenever they make verbal agreements with their clients. Additional works in a contract comprise of variations to the original scope of the building contract. This is a common occurrence in building contracts where variations can occur due various emerging issues in performing contractual obligations. JCT 2011 Design and Build Contract provides various provisions on how contactors should deal with alterations to the original terms of the contracts when valuing additional works. Clause 2.11 of the law, for instance, states that â€Å"Subject to Clause 2.15, the Contractor shall not be responsible for the contents of the Employer’s Requirements or for verifying the adequacy of any design contained within them.†This clause protects the contractor from suffering losses when the client or employer changes terms or requirements of the contract. In a

What Is Andragogy and Its Effects on Today’s Design of Learning for Adults Essay Example for Free

What Is Andragogy and Its Effects on Today’s Design of Learning for Adults Essay Education of adults has always been an issue, but there has been very little interest or analysis of adult learning. Adults were thought to be children alike, when it comes to learning; therefore, the only theory was pedagogy in the educational setting. According to Knowles (1980), after the end of World War I, more modern education theories on adults were developed. Thorndike’s, Sorenson’s, and Linderman’s studies showed that adults learn differently than children, also their interests and abilities differ. Those studies affirmed that, in adult education, the curriculum should be built around the student’s interest instead of student adjusting themselves to it (Aderinto, 2006). With the light of these studies, the basis of more recent adult learning theories emerged. Adult learning differs; therefore, the design of learning for adult education should be adjusted to more recent theories. In 1968, Malcolm Knowles proposed andragogy, the adult learning theory to distinguish adult education from children education, pedagogy (Merriam, 2001). Knowles is the father of andragogy and according to him (1980), it means â€Å"the art and science of helping adults learn†. In the second half of the twentieth century, Malcolm Shepherd Knowles was one of the most influential persons in adult education in the US. He was the Executive Director of the Adult Education Association of the United States of America (Smith, 2002). He worked on informal adult education and also developed the first foundations of grounds for adult learning through andragogy. In his twenties, Knowles met Eduard Lindeman, while he was working for the National Youth Administration in Massachusetts, and he became his mentee. Knowles acknowledges that Lindeman’s Meaning of Adult Education was his main source for inspiration and ideas on his own work. Andragogy, in contrast to pedagogy, is developed based on the needs of adults, and presents a number of learner-focused methods and principles which are particularly valuable in adult education and training (Guilbaud and Bonnie, 2008). The pedagogical and andragogical assumptions are lightly different. In a pedagogical model, it is necessary to direct students on what they will learn. Instructors should be directive and provide all the essential information to the students. Pre-adults are not self-motivated; the instructor should lead the time management and require close supervision. On the other hand, adults are self-directed and ready to take on responsibility, and they come with experience and are willing to transform the information into an application. They are goal-oriented and want to be active rather than passive students. It is important to know why they are learning, instead of just getting the necessary information. These are the reasons why, when teaching adults, different theories and models should be taken into consideration other than pre-adult learning theories. There are some learning theories related to andragogy. Experiential learning theory, is involved with the material being studied, students expected to learn by doing it. In this learning theory, participants are expected to use their own experiences and reflections. The information that is learned, involves doing something and discovering it; therefore, it is effective as it addresses the cognitive, emotional, and the physical aspect of the learner. On the other hand, self-directed learning theory is an example of informal learning, in which individuals are expected to define their own goals and set their needs accordingly, and find their own motivation to achieve these goals. Self-directed learning can be integrated with daily routines. The transformative learning theory is considered to be a constructivist theory, and it is influenced by Jack Mezirow’s work. Transformative learning is to help adults understand their experiences. These theories, combined with characteristics of adult learners and assumptions of andragogy, should be applied to the design of adult learning. Adults want to be involved in the learning activities; therefore, the instructors should guide them to their own knowledge rather than stating the facts. Adults have significant life experience and knowledge that are gained from family and work responsibilities, and previous education. They tend to use this information, so the instructors should draw these parts out to help the participant to connect the information. Adults are goal-oriented; they usually know why they are enrolling a course from the beginning, and it is important to lay out how the course will help them achieve their goals in an early stage. They need to know, why they are learning something and it has to be an applicable information to be valuable, the instructor can obtain this by letting them choose projects that can reflect their interests. Adults usually are not interested in the knowledge itself, but how it will be useful for them. They all expect respect, so it is important to let them express their own opinions freely in class. Andragogy also has many critiques from adult education professionals. Jarvis claims, that even though andragogy is in a dominant position, there is no sufficient evidence to support its status, and a more recent research by Merriam states (2001), that andragogy is one of the pillars of adult education; however, the adult education should go beyond andragogy (Henschke, 2011). Since 1970, there have been many researches to prove andragogy as a strong model for adult education. In recent years, Henschke and Cooper identified six sections in andragogy. They are; evolution and history of the concept, comparison of the American and European understandings, popularizing and sustaining the American and global concept, practical applications, and theory, research and the definition of andragogy. In 2007, Isenberg provided a dynamic design to combine the interaction of andragogy and internet learning. It is clear, that andragogy still has much to contribute to the future of adult learning. In the future, the discussions should go beyond Knowles’ version and include the world-wide perspective of other studies. It should be joined with other adult learning theories and continued to be researched (Henschke, 2011). Studies showed that adults learn differently; therefore, the educational environment, such as online education, which is highly used by adult learners, should be designed based on their needs. Characteristics of adult learners and applications of adult learning, such as andragogy combined with other adult learning theories, should be taken into consideration in the design of such learning.

Importance of Effective Communication in Nursery Environment

Importance of Effective Communication in Nursery Environment Explain why it is important to maintain effective communication within the nursery environment mentioning the barriers that may be experienced by some staff members Maintaining effective communication? I believe that it is important to maintain effective communication as this is the channels in which the nursery will be run. Effective communication is a two way process which can be verbal or written. Managers must firstly know their staff and what type of communication works best for them, for example do they prefer a more direct approach or are they the sort of person who prefers a team briefing that allows them to communicate with other staff around them or do they prefer to have all the communication written down for them and then given a chance to write their reply. Barriers to communication could be caused by the environment as it could be too noisy or too much information to take in at any one time as a person can loose concentration if they are being over loaded with info or the actual language being used is too hard to understand, keep it simple which again comes back to knowing your staff or audience. Also the time of day should be considered before communicating with staff as they may have their own appointments to keep or other personal business to attend to so they could become distracted with the time and not hear what is being said to them. Noise within the nursery environment could also be a barrier as again if it is too noisy only partial communication may occur so the area in which the communication is to take place should also be considered. Sometimes the office itself can be the barrier because if you as the manager do not make yourself available but instead hide away in the office for the majority of the day then this would not help. Phones can also be a barrier as not everyone likes to talk on the phone but prefers a more personal approach but also things can be misheard on the phone. As well as these physical barriers there can be perceptual barriers too because you think the person doesn’t understand you before you even speak to them and that can come across in your body language as well. There are emotional barriers too which some people don’t like to speak out etc. As managers we must consider the cultural and language barriers as the society that we work and live in is much more culturally diverse than ever. A barrier to communication is also the manager’s inability to actually listen as well!!! To me the bottom line to effective communication is to know your staff on a personal level, know what makes them tick therefore you can adapt your style of communication to suit the individual staff member. Also to be approachable to your staff and to listen to verbal and non verbal communication Discuss the importance of the appraisal process for staff and managers and how it can be carried out The performance appraisal provides employees with the recognition of their work efforts. It shows that bosses are interested in the development of their staff and not just getting their ‘monies worth’ that it is more that just a job. The appraisal process for staff and managers is a period of time out from the daily tasks of the running of the nursery in order to focus on work related activities and to correct any existing problems and encourage better performance. Managers should make an appointment with the staff member at a time which suits both and there will be no distractions. A blank appraisal form should be issued to the staff member for them to complete and comment on how they have performed throughout the year, this is then discussed with the Manager. The Manager and staff member will then discuss the information written on the form and what areas need to be improved upon and agree on what training is required. It’s also a good time to discuss any other outstanding issues not necessarily related to the appraisal itself. When setting the goals, managers should be specific at what is to be achieved. The goals should be measured against what is to be achieved. Set a time frame in which to achieve the goal, make sure the time frame is realistic. The goals should also be relevant to the role in which the staff member is working. Make sure the goal that is being set has a purpose and not just for the sake of it. It is best to carry this out on the anniversary of when the staff member has joined and then goals can be set for the coming year. Managers should get behind the appraisal process and sell it to their staff. Explain the disciplinary and grievance procedure, paying particular attention to how the manager should conduct the process The policy documentation for this process should be made accessible for all staff. The processes are necessary to ensure that all staff are treated fairly and are protected. If there are good procedures in place and good communication then the risk of tribunals are minimised. If possible managers should try and resolve the issues first and a disciplinary and grievance procedure should be the last resort. A letter should be issued to the employee at least 72 hours in advance of the meeting. Additional staff should be present in the meeting to take notes. Time should be given for an appeal if necessary. All records, emails, telephone calls should be kept in order to act as a reference and evidence to what steps the manager has taken to try and resolve the issue from the beginning. A meeting should be set up to include additional staff for note taking. Managers should remain impartial and if necessary can call witnesses to strengthen the evidence. Enough time should be given in the meeting for the employee to put their case forward. Should new evidence come to light in the course of the meeting then it should be adjourned. When a decision is reached it should be given in writing and include information on the appeals process. The outcomes from the meeting can be no action, warning or dismissal. There can be a verbal warning administered, a first written warning or a final written warning. The informal grievance procedure should be displayed and available to all staff, to be honest early intervention limits the need for a disciplinary procedure. Evaluate the recruitment and selection process making reference to policies nurseries are required to hold The recruitment and selection process within the nursery setting is straight forward; vacancies should be advertised at the same time in various locations making sure under-represented groups within the community also have an equal chance of applying. Completed applications should be scored by the manager and another person either the deputy or the new employees line manager this gives a fairer approach to the scoring process. It is then up to the manager how many persons should be interviewed. The scoring sheets should be kept a minimum of three months after the application process should any unsuccessful applicants contact the manager for feedback it also shows transparency in the process. All persons involved in this process should be equal opportunity trained prior to the commencement of the process again this is a fairer why to carry out the process. Once the interviewing stage is completed and the new employee chosen then it is a good idea that prior to them starting they should be given a copy of the nursery policies and sign to say they have received them. They should also be made aware of the Health and Safety policy, fire safety and child protection issues and the policy on arrival and departure. It is important that they are made aware of whatever medication the children may be taking and what allergies they may have. This can be done in the staff induction morning and then they should spend the rest of their time shadowing a staff member who can show them the daily running of the nursery. This shadowing will ensure that the new employee sees first hand what is expected of them on a daily basis and what standards they are to achieve. I think this is a much better way of settling anyone in and they can take much more in during this â€Å"hands on† approach then they could just being told about it. It also gives the ne w employee a chance to ask questions which may not arise during interview. Barbara Gamble

The Mood Disorder Depression Essay -- Papers Depressive Psychiatry Ess

The Mood Disorder Depression Depression can be defined as an affective, or mood disorder characterized by mood deviations that exceed normal mood fluctuations. At its most extreme, depression can describe a psychotic state where the individual cannot function on his or her own. Everyone can go through times of feeling down for a period of time after having suffered a loss, but for people with the illness known as depression, these feelings of sadness can go on for long periods of time. In fact, about 1 in every 10 of us will be seriously depressed during sometime in our lives. As viewed by psychiatrists, depression is an illness in which a person experiences a marked change in their mood and in the way they view themselves and the world. Sometimes, depression seems to happen because of a stressful event, sometimes it seems to happen for no reason at all. Depression as a significant depressive disorder ranges from short in duration and mild to long term and very severe, even life threatening. Depressive disorders come in different forms, just as do other illnesses such as heart disease. The three most prevalent forms of depression are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Depression is a sickness which involves ones body, mood and thoughts, it even affects the way you eat and sleep. Depression strikes people of all ages, backgrounds, and ethnic groups. Approximately 20 million adults suffer from depression each year in the U.S. Up to 25% of all women and up to 12% of all men in the U.S. will experience an episode of major depression some time in their lives. 15% of those who suffer from depression kill themselves and succeed, and sadly many more attempt it. TYPES OF DEPRESSION ... ...d not stop taking the antidepressant medication without talking to the doctor. - Phase 3 of treatment can last another year, or longer. How long it lasts depends on the depressed person’s medical history and on the advice of the doctor or other healthcare professional. Not all people need to take their medication during Phase 3. Thus, depression the â€Å"common cold† of psychological disorders, which affects about 12 million Americans each year, is treatable but sadly many don’t get the proper treatment and so live in a world where nothing can go their way. As one person stated when asked, â€Å"What is depression like?† they replied â€Å"Its hell†¦you doubt your own worth in society and in anyone’s life, you believe no one cares, you do not care about what happens to you or the world...and you’d wish everything would slow down so you can know what to think of everything.†

America as a Land of Prosperity in the 1920’s

America as a Land of Prosperity in the 1920's is the story of Americans who searched for equality. Yes, for some individuals America was a land of prosperity in the 1920's. The First World War sparked Americas rise in prosperity. As no fighting took place on American soil there were virtually no reparations to be paid, also America had entered the war late and therefore, had not spent nearly as much money as the big European countries such as France, Britain, and Germany. This left America in a very prosperous position. Another key reason to Americas rise in prosperity was a man named Henry Ford. Henry Ford was a car producer who thought of the â€Å"mass production† method. This method used assembly line techniques, whereby each stage of the car production was carried out by a different team of workers who specialized souly in their specific area. This had a huge impact! The method was introduced in 1913 and by 1929; 26 million cars were registered in the U. S. A compared to only 9 million in 1920. That is an increase of nearly 300% in just 9 years! However, the benefits of the ford company stretched beyond just the automobile industry during the 1920's, people also started moving into the cities from the rural areas. In 1920 more than 50% of people lived in the cities which were an increase of more than 50%. Another reason for the rise in prosperity was the introduction of hire-purchase, whereby you put a deposit down on an item that you wanted, and paid installments on that item with interest, so you would pay back more than the price for the item. High purchases were easy to get and people got into debt without any real planning for the future. In the 1920's it just seemed to be the case, that if you wanted something, then you got it, this had a major economic impact; somebody had to make what was bought. This was the era before robot technology and work done by laborers. The person who made that product would get paid and he would not save all of the money. He, too, would spend some of it, and someone else; would have to make more items, so he would get paid and so the cycle continued. By the mid-1920's America was booming. Sales of items, which were once, were considered a luxury such as radios, cars, and other new-on-the market items had rocketed, as had both the average and the minimum wage. The average annual wage for that decade was $1236. 00, a huge increase. Perhaps the fact that highlights most America's rise in prosperity is between 1919 and 1929 Americas GNP rose from 72. 4 billion (1919) to 104 billion (1929) which is around a 75% increase. The boom also led to record low unemployment levels. This was due to the growth of many other businesses and the demand for more workers. The 1920's also saw the construction of towering skyscraper such as the Chrysler building for the first time. However, not all businesses and cultures shared in this â€Å"prosperity†. The farming industry was hit hard, particularly in the south, as some northern farmers found prosperity due to the increase in the demand for fresh fruit as more people could afford, no thanks to the rise in wages. The farmers earned very little money as a result, lived a very poor lifestyle with poor housing; no fresh water and some even faced eviction from their homes. The farmers did not share in the prosperity mainly because of the loss of the foreign markets. (The Fordney-Mcumber tariff act, put tariffs on imported goods at an all time high causing foreign countries to apply the same tariffs to America) Many blacks did not share in the prosperity either. They were discriminated by the White Americans who claimed they were â€Å"polluting their country†. As a result of this, many black people living in slums or â€Å"ghettos† as they were named. In 1926 a survey found that there were over 200,000 unemployed black people in the south alone. America even had its own low-grade facilities for black people and white people to use. For example, white and colored drinking taps with the white drinking tap being of the higher standard. These laws were referred to as Jim Crow laws. But through all the intolerance some black people did do well and did prosper. Black musicians, poets, and politicians emerged. One of the most famous politicians of his time was Marcus Garvey. Garvey was the founder member of the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association), which encouraged black people. Garvey eventually got deported back to Jamaica for Tax fraud. Other Immigrants such as Mexicans and Italians also suffered similarly hard times. Millions of immigrants were allowed into America in the 1900's, where free land and job opportunity became available, but towards the end of the 1920's this was not so much the case. America was letting more and more immigrants in and it had to stop. They devised a literacy test to bring the numbers down. But problems existed with the immigrants that were already in the country. The number of job opportunities had fallen and the majority of migrants were competing for the lowest paid jobs. This often led to racial tension within the ethnic groups. So to sum things up, in general America was a land of prosperity, but weather you shared in this prosperity or not depended largely on your ethnic background and location in the country you lived. We’re still faced with a matter of equality today; People with diverse ethnic backgrounds still are not privilege to being treating equal. They continue to find a way to prevail in America regardless of the laws that government themselves make available only for those who seek a higher power or level of authority. Therefore, the question still remain, is America as a Land of Prosperity?

“If I Could Tell You” W.H. Auden

â€Å"If I Could Tell You† Analysis In â€Å"If I Could Tell You† W. H. Auden uses personification, repetition and imagery in order to prove the point; you must live your life like you do not have time left. Auden gives a vast setting over all. There are two main characters; Auden and time. The dialogue is in first person and he is speaking to some one he cares about. Auden uses personification to give life to time. This shows how time is the keeper of our destiny. He personifies time because he does not know how to reply to the subject of the poem.Which is, we do not know what will happen in the future only time know. With line 1 he goes â€Å"Time will say nothing but I told you so†. He says this to prove time knows everthing but time can not tell you. Auden uses repetition to bring a structure to the poem. Auden repeats the lines. â€Å"If I could tell you I would let you know† and â€Å"Time will say nothing but I told you so†. thoes lines are e mphasized in this poem to repeat the true meaning; which is about life and time. That is why he repeats the word time, like in line 1, to stress its importance and how it separates the two lovers.He only mentions â€Å"love† once on line eight; but it suggests time's supremacy over love. Though he still feels the emotion. He is trying to tell the person he is talking to that if you wait for things to happen life will pass you by, suggested in the last stanza † Suppose the lions all get up and go, and all the brooks and soldiers run away; time will say nothing but I told you so. † Auden uses imagery to paint the story of life in your mind. This poem uses a lot of imagery to paint a picture of life in your mind. Lines such as: † If we should weep when clowns put on their show. â€Å"If we should stumble when musicians play† â€Å"The winds must come from somewhere when they blow,There must be reason why the leaves decay;† â€Å"Perhaps the roses really want to grow,† â€Å"Suppose the lions all get up and go,And the brooks and soldiers run away;†. All of these lines suggest time can really be a harsh thingand how life can push you dow. But with the line † Because I love you more then I can say† this suggests that the world still has love to offer but time can just get in the way of love and life. W. H Auden was a wonderful writer with his words of imagery, repatition and his personification.

Free Essays on Gwendolyn Brooks

Writing with uncommon strength, Gwendolyn Brooks creates haunting images of black America, and their struggle in escaping the scathing hatred of many white Americans. Her stories, such as in the "Ballad of Rudolph Reed", portray courage and perseverance. In those like "The Boy Died in My Alley" Brooks portrays both the weakness of black America and the unfortunate lack of care spawned from oppression. In "The Ballad of Chocolate Mabbie" Brooks unveils another aspect of her skill by entering the domestic arena with the lingering limitations imposed by prejudice. These aspects, such as strength and finesse, are among Brooks great attributes. Worthy of exploration, Brooks powerful and haunting techniques can be separated and explored in the above mentioned poems. Each work contains a specific tactic, which effectively promotes her ideas. It is for that reason, tactics mixed with ideas, which have placed Brooks among the finest poets. Perhaps because of Brooks' use of a stiff format, "The Ballad of Rudolph Reed" may be her strongest work. Imbuing the poem with incredible lines and description, Brooks transforms Rudolph Reed, who is the character the poem is built around, into a storybook hero, or a tragic character whose only flaw was the love he held for his family. Brooks creates a strong, solid character who is more than another fictional martyr, but a human being. The Finesse she imbued in this work from the first stylized stanza: "Rudolph Reed was oaken. His wife was oaken too. And his two girls and his good little man Oakened as they grew." (1081, 1-4) Here brooks' symbolic use of the word oakened, coupled with the use of a rhyme scheme of the second and last sentence of every stanza causes the reader to more deeply feel what the character and his family are going through. Using the idea of a dream home, Brooks stabbed to the heart of the American dream and where those of African descent fit into it. Eve ry person, man or woman, h... Free Essays on Gwendolyn Brooks Free Essays on Gwendolyn Brooks Writing with uncommon strength, Gwendolyn Brooks creates haunting images of black America, and their struggle in escaping the scathing hatred of many white Americans. Her stories, such as in the "Ballad of Rudolph Reed", portray courage and perseverance. In those like "The Boy Died in My Alley" Brooks portrays both the weakness of black America and the unfortunate lack of care spawned from oppression. In "The Ballad of Chocolate Mabbie" Brooks unveils another aspect of her skill by entering the domestic arena with the lingering limitations imposed by prejudice. These aspects, such as strength and finesse, are among Brooks great attributes. Worthy of exploration, Brooks powerful and haunting techniques can be separated and explored in the above mentioned poems. Each work contains a specific tactic, which effectively promotes her ideas. It is for that reason, tactics mixed with ideas, which have placed Brooks among the finest poets. Perhaps because of Brooks' use of a stiff format, "The Ballad of Rudolph Reed" may be her strongest work. Imbuing the poem with incredible lines and description, Brooks transforms Rudolph Reed, who is the character the poem is built around, into a storybook hero, or a tragic character whose only flaw was the love he held for his family. Brooks creates a strong, solid character who is more than another fictional martyr, but a human being. The Finesse she imbued in this work from the first stylized stanza: "Rudolph Reed was oaken. His wife was oaken too. And his two girls and his good little man Oakened as they grew." (1081, 1-4) Here brooks' symbolic use of the word oakened, coupled with the use of a rhyme scheme of the second and last sentence of every stanza causes the reader to more deeply feel what the character and his family are going through. Using the idea of a dream home, Brooks stabbed to the heart of the American dream and where those of African descent fit into it. Eve ry person, man or woman, h... Free Essays on Gwendolyn Brooks Although she was born on 7 June 1917 in Topeka, Kansasthe first child of David and Keziah BrooksGwendolyn Brooks is "a Chicagoan." The family moved to Chicago shortly after her birth, and despite her extensive travels and periods in some of the major universities of the country, she has remained associated with the city's South Side. What her strong family unit lacked in material wealth was made bearable by the wealth of human capital that resulted from warm interpersonal relationships. When she writes about families thatdespite their daily adversitiesare not dysfunctional, Gwendolyn Brooks writes from an intimate knowledge reinforced by her own life. Brooks attended Hyde Park High School, the leading white high school in the city, but transferred to the all-black Wendell Phillips, then to the integrated Englewood High School. In 1936 she graduated from Wilson Junior College. These four schools gave her a perspective on racial dynamics in the city that continues to influence her work. Her profound interest in poetry informed much of her early life. "Eventide," her first poem, was published in American Childhood Magazine in 1930. A few years later she met James Weldon Johnson and Langston Hughes, who urged her to read modern poetryespecially the work of Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, and e. c. cummingsand who emphasized the need to write as much and as frequently as she possibly could. By 1934 Brooks had become an adjunct member of the staff of the Chicago Defender and had published almost one hundred of her poems in a weekly poetry column. In 1938 she married Henry Blakely and moved to a kitchenette apartment on Chicago’s South Side. Between the birth of her first child, Henry, Jr., in 1940 and the birth of Nora in 1951, she became associated with the group of writers involved in Harriet Monroe's still-extant Poetry: A Magazine of Verse. From this group she received further encouragement, and by 1943 she had won the Mid...

Essay on Vocabulary Development

Essay on Vocabulary Development Essay on Vocabulary Development Constructing Meaning Susan L. Wright Grand Canyon University: EED475 November 18, 2012 Constructing Meaning |Strategy |Activity |Assessment | |Inferencing |Make predictions through illustrations, chapter |Decide if predictions can be substantiated | | |titles, and headings | | ; Define through |Observe student during the process to ensure correct use | | |context clues, dictionary or glossary. |of strategy. | |Summarizing |Discuss what student learned from reading the | Story mapping or write a summary in journal | | |text | | |Question Generating |Have students write questions in journal after |Look for appropriate answers to the questions | | |predicting; before they read | | that promote images|Draw a picture of a selected character of scene in the | | |in their head |text | |Recognizing story structure |Identify the characters, setting, problem etc†¦ |Fill out story map | |Activating prior knowledge |Ask what student knows about topic |Self to text, world to text, or text to text connection | | | |worksheet | |Monitoring Comprehension |Reread when something doesn’t make sense |Have student identify what helped clarify meaning | |Think Aloud |Stop after reading a part of text; model asking |Invite students to do the same activity | | |yourself questions | | |Main Idea |Discuss main idea; the point the author wants to|Observe, after reading discuss the main idea in small | | |make. Use a familiar text as an example |groups. Check for understanding. | |Fix-up |Student explains misunderstanding, classmates |Student answers to questions | | |ask questions to help clarify |

The History of Terrorism in the United States Research Paper - 1

The History of Terrorism in the United States - Research Paper Example The motives of terrorism have also transformed over the years from the causes of liberation to mass devastation (Piszkiewicz, 2003). The effects of terrorism have also transformed into evil for the masses. The latest act of terrorism is the desolation of The World Trade Centre. The range of terrorist attacks in the United States has resulted in the liberation of slavery, the assassination of the country’s president to the devastation of the public. Earlier the concept of terrorism in the United States was considered as armed activities against the state forces in order to support the causes of liberation. The activities over the period of history have changed into bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations of the state personnel and the public. Â  The activities of terrorism in the United States have a long historical background. The activities of terrorism started in the United States in 1850. In the 1850s, the nation was divided into the North and the South. There were several states in the South which were slave states. The people at one point in time wanted to get rid of slavery which caused opposition forces to revolt against the state forces. From 1856 to 1859, John Brown raised a strategic opposition against the states in order to create a situation of terror. The objective of John Brown in creating terror was to bring a change in the political system and abolish slavery from the United States. John Brown resorted to the armed revolution against the state force. The revolutionary activists were soon captured and John Brown was executed. Â  

Whether HSE is genuine or not in the evidence of difference in the Assignment

Whether HSE is genuine or not in the evidence of difference in the potential health hazard between workers at the two operations - Assignment Example Exposure to respiratory particles of crystalline silica is associated with several human diseases such as cancer and lung diseases. The disease risk is related to both the total dose and duration of silica exposure. Silicosis, a nodular pulmonary fibrosis, is the disease most associated with exposure to respirable crystalline silicavi. Studies have shown that exposure to crystalline silica can lead to physiological changes, disease and death. There is a reliable link between cumulative silica dust exposure and increased mortality from lung cancer. Calvert et al. found a relationship between crystalline silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis. Meijer et al. showed significant association between exposure to concrete dust and a small lung infection. xii. There are a number of factors that influence the development of silicosis and these include size of particles, and concentration of silica particles in the air duration of exposurexiiixiv. RSAxv noted that chronic silicosis is mainly the result of long term exposure and that accelerated silicosis can develop after five to ten years of exposure. Morfeldxvi concluded that no other non-malignant health effect due to RCS is as specific and so clearly linked to RCS as silicosis. Research Questions 1. Is there any difference in the health of the workers in the two operations? 2. What associations exist, if any, between length of service and recorded health effect? These research questions will be answered through a hypothesis testing. As Dythamxvii noted, hypothesis testing is the cornerstone of scientific analysis. Tests are carried out to determine whether a stated hypothesis is correct. The hypothesis is rejected or accepted based on the P-values observed. Usually, the null hypothesis (the hypothesis that nothing is going on) is the one that is accepted or rejected based on the calculated probabilities. Most research will accept or reject a hypothesis at 95% level of confidence. Thus if the calculated p-values from a hypothesis test is less than 5% (or 0.05), we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. For this study, the alternative hypotheses for which the null hypotheses were tested were: H1: There is a difference in the health of workers in brick and tile operations. H2: There is a statistically significant association between length of service and recorded health effect. Study Methodology Primary data was collected from a sample of 65 workers randomly selected for blood testing, 38 from brick operations and 27 from tile operations. The study collected data on their identity, the sectors in which they worked, the length of service of each employee, their ages, and health. Following Dythamxviii, the first hypothesis was tested using independent samples t-test since the data was unpaired and the dependent variable was a continuous variable. Minitab 16 was used to perform a two-sample t-test to assess whether there were any differences in the health of workers in the two operations. The existence of association between length of service and recorded health effect was assessed using the Pearson’s product-moment correlation. Descriptive Results Descriptive results are presented and show the number of observations (N), mean, standard deviation, minimum values, first quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), maximum values, skewness and kurtosis. The normality tests are also shown together with the descriptive results. These are graphically presented for the three main variables of the study namely age (years), length of service (years), and % of damaged cells. Figure 1: Descriptive

The Boston Police Strike of 1919 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Boston Police Strike of 1919 - Term Paper Example The policemen tried at first to organise themselves into a union , having consulted the American Federation of Labor in June 1919. In August the police obtained a charter as a union ( Farmer 2011) but this was opposed by the police commissioner as he claimed that any police man was not an employee, but a ‘state officer’. It quickly developed into a ‘them’ and ‘us’ situation. The mayor took an extended holiday according to Wienke ( 2008) but without him Governor Coolidge and Attorney General Albert Pillsbury created legislation which made unionization by public employees illegal . These state officials concentrated upon the legitimacy, or lack of it, of the unionizing of these and other public employees, rather than the strength of the officers complaints. The chief of police, Police Commissioner Edwin U. Curtis, was also strongly opposed to this unionization and suspended the leaders of the group, and later other officers ( Boston Police Strike, undated) and organised police substitutes (Wienke, 2008) . The officers went out on strike on September 9, 1919. The same article quotes Calvin Coolidge, then the state governor, who stated that â€Å"There is no right to strike against the public peace by anybody, anywhere, any time.† He then went on to call in the Massachusetts Guard to break the strike, which it did in one day. The policemen involved were not allowed to return to their posts, and instead the jobs were given to returning servicemen. The new force received better wages, worked shorter hours and had government supplied uniforms.... In August the police obtained a charter as a union ( Farmer 2011) but this was opposed by the police commissioner as he claimed that any police man was not an employee, but a ‘state officer’. It quickly developed into a ‘them’ and ‘us’ situation. The mayor took an extended holiday according to Wienke ( 2008) but without him Governor Coolidge and Attorney General Albert Pillsbury created legislation which made unionization by public employees illegal . These state officials concentrated upon the legitimacy, or lack of it, of the unionizing of these and other public employees, rather than the strength of the officers complaints. The chief of police, Police Commissioner Edwin U. Curtis, was also strongly opposed to this unionization and suspended the leaders of the group, and later other officers ( Boston Police Strike, undated) and organised police substitutes (Wienke, 2008) . The officers went out on strike on September 9, 1919. The same article quotes Calvin Coolidge, then the state governor, who stated that â€Å"There is no right to strike against the public peace by anybody, anywhere, any time.† He then went on to call in the Massachusetts Guard to break the strike, which it did in one day. The policemen involved were not allowed to return to their posts, and instead the jobs were given to returning servicemen. The new force received better wages, worked shorter hours and had government supplied uniforms. The message was clear – striking will get you nowhere (Barclay , 2011). The strikers were labelled as deserters and even traitors. There was an attempt to bring the two sides together with James Storrow, a banker, proposing that the police be allowed to have a

Chapter 8 summary-business ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chapter 8 summary-business ethics - Term Paper Example Moreover the concepts of business ethics have been successfully illustrated with many of the examples from business world. A person becomes liable to a firm when he signs the contract at the first place when he is employed. A contract that is signed at the time of hiring sets the rule for an employee. The rules must be followed by the employee in any case because it is agreed by both the parties. An employee is liable to reach certain targets in order to get fair remuneration. The clauses of a contract not only includes the framework that is supposed to be followed by an employee but it further includes even the smallest matters such as holding the prospects regarding dresses clearly. There is always a combination of comments and acceptability when it comes to loyalty towards the company from an employee. Some of the writers of business ethics believe that an employee needs to be highly loyal to the company whereas on the other hand it is believed that there is a non acceptance of the fact that loyalty should be exercised to the diminished social life of an employee. It is quite depending upon the nature of the job and what type of the organization would an employee would be working. There are some of the jobs nature that require over times. The need of defending the interest of an employer is far more significant and required than just being loyal to the company. There could be a certain points and instances where the interest of an employee would surely collide with the interest of an employer. In this chapter, the issues between the interest of employee and employer have been referred to conflict of interests. The conflict of interest of could be in terms of employee’s desire of wearing clothes the way he wants, coming late at work or could be a conflict in the attainment of remuneration. The conflicts could be solved for sure but there could be instances where the conflicts would be unacceptable for the company

Qualcomm Stadium Sponsorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qualcomm Stadium Sponsorship - Essay Example On entry to the stadium parking lots, Qualcomm signs can be seen at top of the stadium on the east and west sides of the stadium. Also on top of the stadium next to Qualcomm, but on a smaller scale, is a sponsorship sign for Union Bank, which is one of the official sponsors of the stadium and of the Chargers team. When entering the main gates of the stadium, the entrance ways have Qualcomm signs and showcase another stadium sponsor, Bud Light. These signs are on top of the pathway. The ticket office also has Qualcomm signs. On first entrance into the stadium, wall sponsorship of Sycuan, which is a San Diego Casino, greets fans. At the concession area, Bud Light signs grace the places to buy drinks; there are no other sponsors for food concessions. Inside the playing arena of the stadium, many different sponsorship signs can be found. The Jumbo-tron has Qualcomm Stadium on the top of it. Further down the Jumbo-tron there is a big Bud Light sign that is lighted. On the sides of the Jum bo-tron, Pepsi has small signs. On one side there is an advertisement for Toyota, while Union Bank is on the other side. On the opposite side of the stadium there is a smaller Jumbo-tron with a Qualcomm sign on top and a Bud Light sign underneath.   There is a trolley system that brings fans back and forth from the city to the stadium that has no sponsorship signage. On the outside and inside walls of the stadium there are statues and plaques of the San Diego Padres baseball team all over the stadium. This takes up most of the inside and outside space. These are prime areas for sponsorship; however, they are being used to remember the MLB baseball team that is no longer using the stadium. The San Diego Padres moved to their own brand new stadium a few years back. The Padre statues and plates could be taken down and used more constructively for sponsorship purposes. At the top of the

Summary of marketing article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of marketing article - Essay Example Of these experts, Converse was one of the only to emphasize on customers which has now become the core of the concept of marketing mix. The author has provided a clear timeline which outlines the various authors and their contributions to the concept since 1911 until 1960. The author has provided a clear and concise explanation of the various inputs from several authors in a clear manner. The author further moves on to discuss the ‘blossoming of the marketing mix’, where he has pointed out how Culliton (1948) suggested the name for the concept. He moves on to provide an explanation of how the name developed and how the 1950s saw a growth in terms of the concept and the related theories. Again the author has provided in a very effective and efficient manner the contribution of several authors over the years and how the marketing mix concept grew and formed shape. The author also highlights how the 4Ps of marketing had been introduced and developed in 1960. Furthermore, the author has moved on to discuss an essential aspect of the concept where the future considerations for the marketing mix have been made. Here the author considers and discusses the contributions of Park, MacInnis and Silverman and their suggestions of the 4Ps configuration. The concept came into being based on the several economic theories that were present in the earlier years. However there have been questions about the purpose of the 4Ps and the overall usefulness in terms of stimulating demand. The author has touched upon some important aspects of the current day thought of the field of marketing and has brought out some relevantly new thoughts where the marketing has been recognized to be the organizational culture and philosophy. The author has also brought out essential points which highlight the need for a fresher view on the concept which can be seen in the light of some practical decision making processes of the current

Chapter 8 summary-business ethics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chapter 8 summary-business ethics - Term Paper Example Moreover the concepts of business ethics have been successfully illustrated with many of the examples from business world. A person becomes liable to a firm when he signs the contract at the first place when he is employed. A contract that is signed at the time of hiring sets the rule for an employee. The rules must be followed by the employee in any case because it is agreed by both the parties. An employee is liable to reach certain targets in order to get fair remuneration. The clauses of a contract not only includes the framework that is supposed to be followed by an employee but it further includes even the smallest matters such as holding the prospects regarding dresses clearly. There is always a combination of comments and acceptability when it comes to loyalty towards the company from an employee. Some of the writers of business ethics believe that an employee needs to be highly loyal to the company whereas on the other hand it is believed that there is a non acceptance of the fact that loyalty should be exercised to the diminished social life of an employee. It is quite depending upon the nature of the job and what type of the organization would an employee would be working. There are some of the jobs nature that require over times. The need of defending the interest of an employer is far more significant and required than just being loyal to the company. There could be a certain points and instances where the interest of an employee would surely collide with the interest of an employer. In this chapter, the issues between the interest of employee and employer have been referred to conflict of interests. The conflict of interest of could be in terms of employee’s desire of wearing clothes the way he wants, coming late at work or could be a conflict in the attainment of remuneration. The conflicts could be solved for sure but there could be instances where the conflicts would be unacceptable for the company

Summary of marketing article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of marketing article - Essay Example Of these experts, Converse was one of the only to emphasize on customers which has now become the core of the concept of marketing mix. The author has provided a clear timeline which outlines the various authors and their contributions to the concept since 1911 until 1960. The author has provided a clear and concise explanation of the various inputs from several authors in a clear manner. The author further moves on to discuss the ‘blossoming of the marketing mix’, where he has pointed out how Culliton (1948) suggested the name for the concept. He moves on to provide an explanation of how the name developed and how the 1950s saw a growth in terms of the concept and the related theories. Again the author has provided in a very effective and efficient manner the contribution of several authors over the years and how the marketing mix concept grew and formed shape. The author also highlights how the 4Ps of marketing had been introduced and developed in 1960. Furthermore, the author has moved on to discuss an essential aspect of the concept where the future considerations for the marketing mix have been made. Here the author considers and discusses the contributions of Park, MacInnis and Silverman and their suggestions of the 4Ps configuration. The concept came into being based on the several economic theories that were present in the earlier years. However there have been questions about the purpose of the 4Ps and the overall usefulness in terms of stimulating demand. The author has touched upon some important aspects of the current day thought of the field of marketing and has brought out some relevantly new thoughts where the marketing has been recognized to be the organizational culture and philosophy. The author has also brought out essential points which highlight the need for a fresher view on the concept which can be seen in the light of some practical decision making processes of the current

Standardized Testing Essay Example for Free

Standardized Testing Essay The focus Ingernira pinpoints on in the article is recognizing that testing is required to gauge how much the student learned however, I feel that testing is needed to establish the financial solutions for each state and school to determine rather or not they will be able to receive a grant. Also the article elaborates that the student should be tested on what they’re good at and for the students who aren’t able to test well should be able to have incentives. Since testing has become a must in schools now it should be done at no harm to the student and the school should have guidelines and minimize the negative effects on test. I will use this article to help me elaborate more and give tips to different ways standardized testing should be done. This article will help my argument by giving a different view on ways students should be tested. McKinney, Brennan. â€Å"Standardized Tests: Support, Criticism, and How it Affects Teachers and Children.† Yahoo Voices, Web. 17 Dec. 2010. McKinney Brennan looks at how teachers feel about standardized testing and how it affects their voices in order to be able to teach the students there way. Throughout the summary standardized testing is pretty clear that the goals for the teacher and students are that the student needs to learn and the teacher is supposed to be teaching. However, this method has backlash because the teachers and the school have little to say about what content is put on the test and it’s up to the government to decide and there not with the students every day. Also, the teacher’s feel the test is too difficult, broad, and not age appropriate which causes the students to fail and make the state and school look bad. I will use this article to illustrate the teacher’s point of view behind standardized testing. This article will help my argument by proving that teacher plays a major role in student’s lives and if they feel a certain way about the test then there voice should b e heard too. The Engines for Education Team. Engines for Education. EFE, n.d. Web. 11 March. 2013. Engines for Education explain the problems for standardized testing. The group says that we need to cut out the competiveness in the test and focus more on the student’s performance. Also the test kills the type of education that matters most because teachers are more focused on teaching what will likely be on the test instead of teaching at a comfortable style there able to choose. Also, the site in tells how it effects the students in the near future on test- taking and how it mobilizes there brain into I need to get a high score, I need to remember the information, and have all this anxiety before the test is even here. I will use this article to help me explain the people’s point of view on testing and the anxieties kids have when testing. This article will help my argument because it points out valid points that students go thru every day. Testing anxieties and the test has blocked the important things in education and now it’s all about rank and who can hav e the highest score.

Leadership And Management Theory And Practical Application Management Essay

Leadership And Management Theory And Practical Application Management Essay As the world of business changes, so do the theories in the management and leadership. For example, if just a 5 decades ago, the major focus when running the company, was on the management, today the situation is drastically different (Lawler, 2006). Today, the leadership has taken a greater role in the process of running a company, and the management theory has undergone a tremendous evolution, giving the rise to the human relations movement (Lawler, 2006). While the new management theories have been gaining the popularity, the review below will show that, the scientific management has not lost its importance. The debate over which one is more important for a company, the management or the leadership, has been a controversial topic for decades. According to the theories currently discussed in the academic and professional circles, it seems that the opinions are divided. However, all sides seem to agree that both, leadership and management are important aspects in the process of running a company (Lawler, 2006). More on this topic will be discussed in the later chapters. At this point it has to be noted that, the leadership and management, both have their unique functions, methods of development and application, and most importantly, have their advantages and disadvantages (McGovern, 2002 ). Furthermore, which one is more exercised and applied in a company is highly dependent on the culture, history, tradition, education, and the business philosophy. In order to better understand the importance and roles the leadership and management play, three countries prospective will be discussed below: US, Germany, and China. Theory of leadership and theory of management What is leadership? While the definitions vary, it seems that there is a consensus that, regardless of the leadership theory employed, leaders provide visions, goals, and get people united behind a shared idea, values, and believes. Theories of leadership are multiple; trait theory, functional theory, transactional theory, transformational theory, path-goal theory, and many more (Van Vugt, 2011). However, whatever the theory, there are common aspects that all of them share, and that is, success of a group is a result of two factors: Leadership style. Situational favorability. The leadership style depends on the multiple factors such as: ethnicity, culture, social background, education, experience, and character (Van Vugt, 2011). Regardless of these factors, it seems the leadership approaches have been segregated in to two broad groups: relationship oriented, and task oriented. In the first case, the relationship oriented, the leaders tend to focus on the people, and try to communicate the vision based on the relationship, personalities, and values (Van Vugt, 2011). In the second case, the task oriented, the leaders try to unite people behind a task or a goal they are attempting to accomplish. The situational factors depend on: leader-follower relations, task structure, and the position power. Among them, the most notable ones are the first and the third aspects. First is the relationship a leader has with the followers, and the third one is the amount and the formal of power a leader has, and how he chooses to exercise it in leading an organization (Van Vugt, 2011). What is management? According to a classic definition, management is an act of organizing and planning of the human and material resources in order to accomplish the desired plans and objectives (Kaufman, Beaumont, Helfgott, 2003). Furthermore, management is involved in the organizing, planning, budgeting, directing, and controlling of these resources in order for the goals and objectives to be fulfilled effectively and efficiently. The management theories are numerous, but they all seem to follow the principles provided in the two dominant theories in management, the scientific management theory, and the human relations theory. The scientific management theory, also called Taylorism, is a theory which focuses on analyzing and synthesizing the work flows. The primary goal of the theory is to accomplish the superior economic efficiency, especially when it comes to the labor productivity (Kaufman, Beaumont, Helfgott, 2003). The human relations movement is a theory which views the organizations in the psychological prism rather than the mechanical parts prism. Thus, it focuses on the social relations, motivation, and the employee satisfaction (Kaufman, Beaumont, Helfgott, 2003). Discussion Management and leadership; comparative analysis The argument that leadership is more important than management is, or vise versa, has not been settled. Some argue for one, and the others highlight the importance of the other. However, they all agree that the leaders and managers provide a valuable contribution to the organizations (Lunenburg, 2011). The first one to take a stand on the roles of the leadership and management was Abraham Zaleznik, in 1977 in the Harvard Business Review (Lunenburg, 2011). He argued that, leaders and managers play a vital role in the organization, but their functions, roles, and impacts are different. According to him, leaders promote the change and development of the new approaches, while the managers advocate for the stability and the status quo. Furthermore, leaders are concerned with the peoples understanding and gaining their commitment, while the managers are focused on the responsibilities, exercising authority, and accomplishing the immediate tasks at hand (Lunenburg, 2011). However, in 1990 John Kotter has offered his view on the roles and importance of the leadership and management in the organization (Lunenburg, 2011). As he argued, the roles of the leaders and managers are important in organizations, but they are different, and they are complementary. This was a big change in how the two concepts were viewed in the business as well as the academic circles. As Kotter argued, the role of leadership is to cope with change, while the role of the management is to cope with the complexity. According to Kotter, the leadership process is focused on: developing the vision for the organization, getting people on board through the communications, and motivating people via empowerment and basic need fulfillment (Lunenburg, 2011). Thus, leadership creates change and uncertainty in the organization. On the other hand, management is concerned with: planning and budgeting, organizing and staffing, and controlling and problem solving. Thus, management reduces the uncertainty and provides the stability in the organization (Paauwe, 2004 ). Thus, based on the above discussion and views, it is obvious that, depending on the views on the leadership and management, there are aspects that differentiate the two, and there are areas which may overlap. According to the older views, the overlaps are much more common and large, and according to the latest views on the roles and functions of the leadership and management, the common areas are much smaller (Paauwe, 2004). As it seems, the latest views, ones presented by the Kotter, seem to be more mainstream. In order to see the differences Kotter has advocated for, the following paragraphs will highlight the differences more precisely. Five categories of comparison between the management and the leadership will be used: thinking process, goal setting, employee relations, operations, and governance (Lunenburg, 2011). The five categories in the leadership prism (Lunenburg, 2011): Thinking process; focus is on people, and looks outward. The day to day activities are completely out of the focus and interest. Goal setting; communicates the vision, describes the future; sees a forest in other words. It uses broad strokes, general descriptions, and leaves the details to others. Employee relations; empowers people, develops trust, commitment, and builds collegial relationships. Operations; does the right things, advocates and promotes change, serves subordinates; promotes bottom up approach. Governance; uses influence, trust, respect, and acts decisively. It is less about the authority, and more about the agreement and on-boarding. The five categories in the management prism (Lunenburg, 2011): Thinking process; focuses on the tasks at hand, and focuses inward. It is about the things that need to be done in order to accomplish the vision set out by the leader. Goal setting; executes plans, oversees the processes, focuses on the present day; sees the trees in other words. Employee relations; controls, subordinates, directs, and coordinates. It is much more functioning relationship which is based on the formal foundations. Operations; does the right thing, manages and oversees the implementation of the changes, and serves the superiors in the organizational hierarchy. Governance; uses authority, reduces and prevents conflicts, and acts responsibly. Thus, as the above discussion has shown, Kotter has been right when he argued about the differences and the complementarily. As the category descriptions above have shown, the leadership is about the general visions, while the management is about getting things done. Practical applications of management and leadership As the discussion above has shown, the roles, focus, and the practice of leadership and management have changed over time. While the earlier practice and application have overlapped more, today they are much different. The practice of the leadership and management are different based on the two major factors: the environmental stability and the task complexity. Quadrant 4 Considerable leadership and management required Quadrant 3 Considerable leadership, not much management necessary High Change Quadrant 2 Little leadership but considerable management required Quadrant 1 Little leadership or management required Low Low Complexity High Figure 1: leadership and management and the impact of change and stability (BoÃÅ'ˆrsch, 2007) As you can see from the figure 1 above, there are four distinct scenarios where the leadership and management are playing different roles. The conditions and the degrees of change and complexity are expressed in the four quadrants indicated in the four different colors. As you can see, the horizontal axis represents the degree of the complexity, and the vertical axis represents the degree of change required. Lets discuss the roles of the leadership and management in each of the quadrant, representing the four scenarios organizations may face in the business environment. Quadrant 1; this is the case when there is little leadership or management is required. This environment exists when the change is not required, or the requirement is low, and the complexity of the task is low as well. This was the case before 1900s, when the technology was simple, and the demand was somewhat uniform (Brewster, 2008). Quadrant 2; this is the case when the leadership is not as important, but requires considerable management. This environment is characteristic to the slow growth or stagnant economies, where the leadership doesnt accomplish a lot, and the management is the one responsible for finding the new ways to achieve growth (Krug, 2004). Quadrant 3; this is the case when an organization faces a high turbulence in the environment, and has little complexity in the tasks to be accomplished. This environment is characteristic to the companies undergoing reforms, changing cultures, and transformation. Here the leadership takes charge, and guides the company through the tough times (Carter, Ulrich, Goldsmith, 2005). Quadrant 4; this is the case when both, the management and the leadership is hard at work in order to stabilize the environment, and accomplish the difficult tasks (BoÃÅ'ˆrsch, 2007). This is the case in the highly volatile environments where the tasks are difficult to get done. One example would be a post soviet Russia, where companies faced considerable challenges in terms of the environment, as well as the task complexities. It was caused by the two factors; first it was the political instability. Was Russia going to adopt the capitalist system or was it going to go with the old, soviet system? Second, the lack of clarity on who was in charge, what the regulations were, and how they were applied, was a challenge, and the local managers were in charge of getting things done (Ardichvili, and Kuchinke, 2002). As the matrix above has shown, there are different circumstances, and the requirements for the roles of the leadership and management change accordingly. However, as the debate continues on which one to apply and use more, there are two combinations that might arise. First it is the weak leadership and strong management. In these companies, the focus is on the short term goals, details, reducing and eliminating the risk, and basing everything on the rational decision making process. Furthermore, the management focuses on fitting the people to the jobs, and making sure the compliance is adequate (Carter, Ulrich, Goldsmith, 2005). The consequence of this type of governance is sometimes unintended, but nonetheless, it is catastrophic for the organizations. As a result of the weak leadership, an organization becomes rigid, less innovative, and most importantly, unable to change as the environments changes. Processes become micromanaged, and there is a slow but steady deterioration in the productivity, effectiveness, and motivation (Carter, Ulrich, Goldsmith, 2005). In the case of the strong leadership and weak management, the situation is somewhat different. In this case, there is a strong vision for the future, but there is no short term planning and budgeting. In these types of organizations, there is cult-like culture, where there are no rules, regulations, structures, and specialization. As a result, the organization becomes hard to control, deadlines are not met, the coordination becomes poorer and poorer, and often times the organization collapses due to the lack of the day to day management (Carter, Ulrich, Goldsmith, 2005). Thus, as the practical application of the leadership and management has shown, it is critical to strike a golden balance which will assure the long term vision, flexibility, as well as the planned and well managed procedures which will guide the company to a desired goal. Multi-country prospective: US, Germany, China When looking at the leadership and the management in the multicultural prospective, it is interesting how the approaches differ. Lets look at how the practices are implemented in the three countries. US; as it seems, the American companies are striving for balancing the management and the leaderships roles more than any other countries named below. In addition, American leaders are building their roles based on the charisma, and rely less on the power. In terms of the management, its all about the professionalism (Carter, Ulrich, Goldsmith, 2005). Germany; in the case of Germany, its all about the management, and less about the leadership. The balance can be described as 60/40. Thus, German companies put more emphasis (relatively speaking)on the getting things done, and doing them right (BoÃÅ'ˆrsch, 2007). China; in the case of China, the balance shown in the German case tips further to the managements side. In China, management is responsible for getting things done, but the leadership holds the most power (Qiao, 2006). This is not observed in any of the previous two cases. In the US and Germany, the balance of power, as well as the responsibilities, are much more evenly and adequately allocated. Conclusions As the review has shown, the roles, the views, and the overall approaches to the leadership and management, have changed dramatically over the years. While in the beginning of the 20th century, the roles were somewhat not relevant and less important, as the world economy grew and the competition, as well as the instability increased, the roles of the leaders and the managers have grown in importance (Lawler, 2006). Not only the roles have grown, but the views on which is more important, and in what context, have changed as well. As Kotter indicates, these two professions have different functions, different purposes, different scopes of operations, and are complementary rather than conflicting with one another. The earlier views which stated that leaders where promoting change and uncertainty, and the managers were for the stability for the status quo, have changed (Brewster, 2008). Today leaders dont promote the change, rather they cope with it, and the managers, they deal with the complexities. Thus, the conclusion is, leadership is critical in the changing world. They set the visions, goals, and see the bigger picture. Managers on the other hand, they are the ones who make sure things get done. They are the planners, organizers, and the fixers. In other words, the leaders are architects, and the managers are the builders; and the right balance between them is absolutely necessary in any organization.

Media Mergers :: essays research papers

Merging Media Corporations are in recent days becoming ever more controversial for the fact they control a massive amount of information reaching the public. With the recent merging of ABC and Disney, concern has grown about whether the information from all the news programs and magazines might not be telling the whole story all of the time. Picture this: An ocean full of small fish, all competing at the same level. All of a sudden a larger fish swallows up a few of the smaller fish for lunch. And to the surprise and dismay of the first large fish, an even larger second fish swallows it whole. This process repeats itself again and again, in the shape of an upward spiral. Media corporations are now exactly like that ocean of fish. But instead of an ocean full of many competing fish, there are now only five powerful ones. With these five â€Å"big fish† of media corporations, the communication of truth may be thrown off balance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time Warner merges with Turner. Viacom merges with CBS. Disney merges with ABC. Merger mergers with Merger. Tongue-Twister? - Or a large fear from the public? Mergers have become rampant throughout the United States and all around the globe. Large media corporations are being gobbled up by even larger media corporations in a matter of months. With all this in light, conspiracy questions are rising to the surface, as to how much power and information these â€Å"mega-merged† companies hold. One more merger could mean massive control by only a few men over what is sent into American’s households. Now that networks are allowed to own their own programs, information flow could be corrupted beyond recognition. Should the people of the free world be wary of what these mergers have in store? I would have to answer that with a definite yes, (unless of course I was hired by one of the big five).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scenario: A crude oil tanker crashes into a port off the coast of Africa. The oil spills into the water, killing millions of animals, land and sea alike. These sea animals are vital to the ecology of the world, but nothing can be done to save them now. If it just so happens that ABC reporters are the first and only ones to find out about this catastrophe, nobody will ever know it happened in the first place. If ABC willed it so, they could cover up the evidence as best they could.

Hamlet †the Character Laertes Essay -- The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

Hamlet – the Character Laertes  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Bard of Avon’s famous tragedy Hamlet the character of Laertes is less clearly presented than others. He is the chamberlain’s son, and yet he commands popular respect and support for a bid for the kingship. How does one piece together all the evidence in his life?    In â€Å"The World of Hamlet† Maynard Mack describes the interference of a possessive Polonius in the life of his son, Laertes:    â€Å"The apparel of proclaims the man,† Polonius assures Laertes, cataloging maxims in the young man’s ear as he is about to leave for Paris. Oft, but not always. And so he sends his man Reynaldo to look into Laertes’ life there – even, if need be, to put a false dress of accusation upon his son (â€Å"What forgeries you please†), the better by indirections to find directions out. (250)    Laertes makes his appearance in the drama after Marcellus, Barnardo and Horatio have already seen the Ghost and have trifled with it in an effort to prompt it to communicate with them. Laertes is in attendance at a social gathering of the court at Elsinore. Laertes, like Fortinbras a rival of Hamlet (Kermode 1138), appears with his father, Polonius, who is later shown to manipulate both him and his sister (Boklund 122). Laertes respectfully approaches the king, who asks, â€Å"And now, Laertes, what's the news with you? / You told us of some suit; what is't, Laertes?† Laertes responds in a manner befitting the son of the lord chamberlain:    My dread lord,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Your leave and favour to return to France;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From whence though willingly I came to Denmark,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To show my duty in your coronation [. . .] . (1.2)    After Claudius wishes Laertes a farewell for his trip back to F... ...Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. â€Å"The World of Hamlet.† Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. New York: Oxford University P., 1967.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.    Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907–21; New York: Bartleby.com, 2000 http://www.bartleby.com/215/0816.html      

Edgar Allan Poe

Mysterious Death of a Mystery Man Death is an instance in which all vitals of the body have shut down, when life no longer remains in the body, and when something is declared dead. But, there is always something that causes this death whether old age, illness, tragedy, accidents, or suicide. In some cases, the cause of death is known soon after the passing or even before they have passed. In other cases, it takes quite some time to figure out exactly why life was lost.Then, there are those very few occasions that no exact cause is known and many assumptions are thrown around naming phony reasons of the death, when in the end, it will always be a mystery. This is exactly what has been done with the death of Edgar Allan Poe. Many have come up with different assumptions and accusations of Poe’s death, but none have been claimed to be the absolute positive explanation of it. John S. Craig writes, â€Å"His death in Baltimore, Maryland, October 7, 1849 has been surrounded by myste ry form the very moment he was found unconscious in a Baltimore tavern a few days before he died in a hospital†( ? . A few of the hypotheses are that Poe was an alcoholic, whose drinking led to his death, had medical problems and diseases that eventually caused his passing, and the Cooping Theory, which ended in him being severely beaten which led to his death a few days later. Poe’s death is a mystery that will never be completely solved. Poe’s death could have occurred through some sort of alcoholism. Different forms of disaster, stress, and depression drove Poe to drink. During Virginia’s, Poe’s wife, long battle with different illnesses, Poe began to drink quite a bit to help cope with the stress that evolved from this tragedy.Madhavi Ghare writes, â€Å"On October 3, 1849, Edgar Allan Poe was found drunk and unconscious on the streets of Baltimore, in someone else’s clothes. He was taken to the Washington College Hospital, where he died four days later on October 7, 1849† ( ? ). One theory of Poe’s alcoholism is that he had a rare medical condition where simply one or two drinks could have a devastating outcome towards him immune system making it seem like he has had way more. This was also backed by Poe telling his wife, friends, and others who asked how many drinks he had, that he had only drank one or two.The problem with this statement is that we do not know if Poe was telling the truth or hiding the fact that he had been excessively drinking all night. Alcohol might or might not have played a role in Poe’s death; it is a mystery we will never know the answer too. Another circumstance in which Poe could have died is from different illnesses and diseases. Back in the time Poe was alive, medical treatment and diagnosis was still at a low level. Even if one was said to have a certain illness, a treatment to heal was most likely still unknown.Poe was thought to have many diseases and illnesses including lesions on the brain, heart disease, cholera, excessive nervous prostration, loss of nerve power, enzyme disorder, tuberculosis, epilepsy, diabetes, rabies, and hydrophobia. One of the diseases that made most sense for him to have was rabies. R. Michael Benitez writes, â€Å"Poe was a well-known animal lover and was especially fond of cats, which can transmit the rabies virus. There was no record of an animal bite preceding Poe’s ailment, but the illness can take more than a year to surface† ( ? ).Even though Poe might not have had a bite mark on him at the hospital, the incident in which the rabies was transferred could have been up to a year before then. Poe was thought to have many different illnesses and diseases which could have easily taken his life from him. One possible circumstance that could have resulted in Poe’s death is the Cooping Theory. The Cooping Theory is when on election day, gangs use to kidnap bystanders and hold them hostage in a room, known as the â€Å"coop,† and make them go to the poll and vote over and over again for who the gang wanted to win the election.The gangs would beat the people and get them drunk to ensure they cooperated. CW Fisher writes, â€Å"Beatings became more frequent and severe as the day wore on, partly to keep the voters awake and motivated, and partly to ensure loss of memory† ( ? ). The gangs would make the people to change clothes so the poll workers would not recognize them and let them vote again. When Poe was found on a bench, he was near poll called Ryan’s Fourth Ward Polls. This poll served as a bar and voting poll. Poe was drunk and he was not wearing his own clothes. This evidence leads towards the assumption that Poe’s death evolved from the Cooping Theory.Poe’s death has many explanations and assumptions that will never be solved. Poe’s death can range from him drinking himself to death, dying from different illnesses such as ra bies, tuberculosis, diabetes, cholera, heart disease, brain disease, or him being a victim of the Cooping Theory, which forced him to drink excessively and be beaten multiple times by gangs at election polls. It is a mystery. Poe wrote many mysterious stories himself including â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum,† â€Å"The Purloined Letter,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† and â€Å"A Descent into Maelstrom. † It is ironic that his death is a mystery itself.Elizabeth Flock writes, â€Å"Edgar Allen Poe’s short stories are filled with cryptic death scenes, so it was only fitting that the master of the macabre would meet a similarly mysterious end† ( ? ). Flock makes it seem as though it was Poe’s fate for his death to remain a mystery, and remain a mystery, it has. Works Cited Page Craig, John S. The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe’s Death. 7 Jan. 2009. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://voices. yahoo. com/the-mystery-edgar-allan-poes-death-2463818. html? cat=38? Ghare, Madhavie. Edgar Allan Poe Biography. 10 Oct. 2012. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://www. buzzle. com/articles/edgar-allan-poe-biography. tml? Benitez, R. Michael. Did Rabies Fell Edgar Allan Poe?. 2 Nov. 1996. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://www. cswnet. com/~erin/eap3. htm? Fisher, CW. The Murders of Edgar Allan Poe. 5 May 2005. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://depressionalmanac. blogspot. com/2005/05/murders-of-edgar-allan-poe. html? Flock, Elizabeth. Edgar Allan Poe died 162 years ago, yet the mystery of his death has not been solved. 7 Oct. 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://www. washingtonpost. com/blogs/blogpost/post/edgar-allen-poe-died-162-years-ago-yet-the-mystery-of-his-death-has-not-been-solved/2011/10/07/gIQAFVsVTL_blog. html? Edgar Allan Poe Mysterious Death of a Mystery Man Death is an instance in which all vitals of the body have shut down, when life no longer remains in the body, and when something is declared dead. But, there is always something that causes this death whether old age, illness, tragedy, accidents, or suicide. In some cases, the cause of death is known soon after the passing or even before they have passed. In other cases, it takes quite some time to figure out exactly why life was lost.Then, there are those very few occasions that no exact cause is known and many assumptions are thrown around naming phony reasons of the death, when in the end, it will always be a mystery. This is exactly what has been done with the death of Edgar Allan Poe. Many have come up with different assumptions and accusations of Poe’s death, but none have been claimed to be the absolute positive explanation of it. John S. Craig writes, â€Å"His death in Baltimore, Maryland, October 7, 1849 has been surrounded by myste ry form the very moment he was found unconscious in a Baltimore tavern a few days before he died in a hospital†( ? . A few of the hypotheses are that Poe was an alcoholic, whose drinking led to his death, had medical problems and diseases that eventually caused his passing, and the Cooping Theory, which ended in him being severely beaten which led to his death a few days later. Poe’s death is a mystery that will never be completely solved. Poe’s death could have occurred through some sort of alcoholism. Different forms of disaster, stress, and depression drove Poe to drink. During Virginia’s, Poe’s wife, long battle with different illnesses, Poe began to drink quite a bit to help cope with the stress that evolved from this tragedy.Madhavi Ghare writes, â€Å"On October 3, 1849, Edgar Allan Poe was found drunk and unconscious on the streets of Baltimore, in someone else’s clothes. He was taken to the Washington College Hospital, where he died four days later on October 7, 1849† ( ? ). One theory of Poe’s alcoholism is that he had a rare medical condition where simply one or two drinks could have a devastating outcome towards him immune system making it seem like he has had way more. This was also backed by Poe telling his wife, friends, and others who asked how many drinks he had, that he had only drank one or two.The problem with this statement is that we do not know if Poe was telling the truth or hiding the fact that he had been excessively drinking all night. Alcohol might or might not have played a role in Poe’s death; it is a mystery we will never know the answer too. Another circumstance in which Poe could have died is from different illnesses and diseases. Back in the time Poe was alive, medical treatment and diagnosis was still at a low level. Even if one was said to have a certain illness, a treatment to heal was most likely still unknown.Poe was thought to have many diseases and illnesses including lesions on the brain, heart disease, cholera, excessive nervous prostration, loss of nerve power, enzyme disorder, tuberculosis, epilepsy, diabetes, rabies, and hydrophobia. One of the diseases that made most sense for him to have was rabies. R. Michael Benitez writes, â€Å"Poe was a well-known animal lover and was especially fond of cats, which can transmit the rabies virus. There was no record of an animal bite preceding Poe’s ailment, but the illness can take more than a year to surface† ( ? ).Even though Poe might not have had a bite mark on him at the hospital, the incident in which the rabies was transferred could have been up to a year before then. Poe was thought to have many different illnesses and diseases which could have easily taken his life from him. One possible circumstance that could have resulted in Poe’s death is the Cooping Theory. The Cooping Theory is when on election day, gangs use to kidnap bystanders and hold them hostage in a room, known as the â€Å"coop,† and make them go to the poll and vote over and over again for who the gang wanted to win the election.The gangs would beat the people and get them drunk to ensure they cooperated. CW Fisher writes, â€Å"Beatings became more frequent and severe as the day wore on, partly to keep the voters awake and motivated, and partly to ensure loss of memory† ( ? ). The gangs would make the people to change clothes so the poll workers would not recognize them and let them vote again. When Poe was found on a bench, he was near poll called Ryan’s Fourth Ward Polls. This poll served as a bar and voting poll. Poe was drunk and he was not wearing his own clothes. This evidence leads towards the assumption that Poe’s death evolved from the Cooping Theory.Poe’s death has many explanations and assumptions that will never be solved. Poe’s death can range from him drinking himself to death, dying from different illnesses such as ra bies, tuberculosis, diabetes, cholera, heart disease, brain disease, or him being a victim of the Cooping Theory, which forced him to drink excessively and be beaten multiple times by gangs at election polls. It is a mystery. Poe wrote many mysterious stories himself including â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum,† â€Å"The Purloined Letter,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† and â€Å"A Descent into Maelstrom. † It is ironic that his death is a mystery itself.Elizabeth Flock writes, â€Å"Edgar Allen Poe’s short stories are filled with cryptic death scenes, so it was only fitting that the master of the macabre would meet a similarly mysterious end† ( ? ). Flock makes it seem as though it was Poe’s fate for his death to remain a mystery, and remain a mystery, it has. Works Cited Page Craig, John S. The Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe’s Death. 7 Jan. 2009. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://voices. yahoo. com/the-mystery-edgar-allan-poes-death-2463818. html? cat=38? Ghare, Madhavie. Edgar Allan Poe Biography. 10 Oct. 2012. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://www. buzzle. com/articles/edgar-allan-poe-biography. tml? Benitez, R. Michael. Did Rabies Fell Edgar Allan Poe?. 2 Nov. 1996. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://www. cswnet. com/~erin/eap3. htm? Fisher, CW. The Murders of Edgar Allan Poe. 5 May 2005. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://depressionalmanac. blogspot. com/2005/05/murders-of-edgar-allan-poe. html? Flock, Elizabeth. Edgar Allan Poe died 162 years ago, yet the mystery of his death has not been solved. 7 Oct. 2011. Web. 3 Dec. 2012. ?http://www. washingtonpost. com/blogs/blogpost/post/edgar-allen-poe-died-162-years-ago-yet-the-mystery-of-his-death-has-not-been-solved/2011/10/07/gIQAFVsVTL_blog. html?

Shrimp Cultivation

1. Shrimps cultivation has been found to have an impact on the socio-economic and the environment through many studies conducted all over the world. Studies in India showed shrimp cultivation to cost nearly two times the annual earnings of those regions. Moreover the process of shrimp cultivation leads to contamination of fresh water which negatively impact healthy water and reduces the coastal lines which makes coastal regions more prone to hurricanes and tornadoes. 2.The shrimp industry benefits three to four million â€Å"mostly poor† Bangladeshis while providing livelihood directly numbering some 11, 50,000 people. In 2007-2008, a total of 2, 23,095 Metric ton shrimp produced in Bangladesh that contributes 19,567. 90 core taka in the GNP. There is ample demand in the international markets for shrimp and Bangladesh is blessed with an environment friendly for shrimp production. So obviously, the shrimp industry has a huge potential for Bangladesh.Through various studies it w ere also found that shrimp industry did increase the income levels of the people and help them to enjoy a better standard of living. 3. Shrimps cultivation in also observed to have impacts of the social structure which leads to increased migration, social conflict and degradation of health. Moreover, it also cause impact on the bio-diversity, mangrove forest, soil and marine species, salinity, degradation of land and de-stabilization of coastal ecosystems. Bangladesh has been predominantly an agricultural based nation.Degradation of agricultural land will directly affect the food security and livestock of many people. Moreover as Bangladesh is a riverine nation saline waters for shrimp ponds can seep to all the other river bodies and contaminate the waters. 4. Shrimp Industry usually have a limited life-span of about 10 years observed in Bangladesh, Thailand and India. Shrimp farms located in Sunderbands, Khulna, Bhola, Bagerhaat and Barisal also encounter such short life-span. 5. B angladesh shrimp cultivators mostly us extensive to super-intensive shrimp farming techniques.These methods are very harsh and have serious crippling effects on the bio-diversity and the mangrove coastlines. Of about 35% of the world’s mangrove forests have been cleared due to this. 6. Unregulated shrimp farming and improper land zoning legislations have led to social uses such as land grabbing, improper land use and impairment for other fisheries cultivations. Shrimp cultivation have also seen uneven wealth distribution which eventually lead to further societal disputes.

Biblical Integration

How much better to get wisdom than gold. Webster defines wisdom as; knowledge that is gained by having any experiences in life: the natural ability to understand things that most other people cannot understand: and knowledge of what is proper or reasonable: good sense or Judgment. To me God is the foundation of wisdom he is all knowing and gives us all of our experiences in life in order to grow closer to him though faith. To get insight rather than silver, to have knowledge and understanding of Christ is more important than any amount of silver and gold here on earth. Wisdom is a priceless gift that God shares with us and should be valued above all things. The highway of the upright avoids evil. Integrity is the quality of being honest and fair: the state of being complete or whole (Webster). God expects us to take the high road and avoid sin. By being honest and avoiding evil means to be upright. Even if the rough is tough we should walk upright with integrity. God did not promise that it would be an easy Journey but the reward of eternal life with him would be the ultimate goal and glory. He that keepeth his way preserveth his soul. To me this passage describes diligence. Diligence is defined as; persevering application and the attention and care legally expected or required of a person (as a party to a contract) (Webster). God expects us to stay the course and look only to him for guidance even when we are unable to make sense of our surroundings or things that are happening in our lives. We should be diligent in our faith and beliefs in him our Lord, and Savior Jesus Christ. Proverbs 21 :5 lets us know that God has great things in store for us if we work diligently and with integrity. In regards to time management, it has only been possible some weeks to complete course assignments and studies through the grace of God and prayer. Through faith that the Lord has allowed me to make the right decisions and trust that he has not put more on me than I could bear I have been able to stay the course and follow the path that he has laid out for me. It is described in the scripture that through diligence and hard work we are able to achieve all things through faith in God. In attending online college academic integrity is a huge art of the perspective. These verses can be applied in the expectations of academic integrity. When completing assignments, plagiarism whether intentionally or this scripture God give us the foundation of wisdom to choose to make the right decisions and he expects us to live upright and follow his way through tough times. No reward can be gained through the path of sin. Reference http://www. biblestudytools. com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/ proverbs-16-17. html http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/