Witch Hunts And Church Essays - Witchcraft, Magic,

Witch Hunts And Church I am a witch, presently please murder me! Numerous blameless ladies cheerfully invited passing by admitting to black magic so as to end their agonizing torment during the witch chase fever somewhere in the range of 1450 and 1750. Since numerous records were lost, crushed or then again never kept, the best estimation of the all out passings is a few million (4). The primary driver of the witch chases was the Church dispensing dread upon the normal furthermore, instructed man by deceiving them about what witches do and what their identity is. The Church likewise straightforwardly and in a roundabout way expanded the agony that denounced ladies would experience during their torment. The Church made it understood, to every one of the individuals who would tune in, that all ladies were malicious and equipped for black magic. The Book of scriptures' Apocrypha states, ?Of lady came the start of wrongdoing/And thanks to her, we as a whole should die.'(Apocrypha, Ecclesiasticus 25:13-26.) (2). Horrendous remarks like this caused even ladies themselves to fear what other ladies may do. This dread just lead to the doubt of lady. A book composed by two German men, titled Malleus Maleficarum, The Hammer of Witches, just promoted people groups dread of ladies' shrewd. It expresses that ladies are bound to become witches: ?Since the female sex is progressively worried about things of the tissue at that point men; in light of the fact that being framed from a man's rib, they are just ?defective creatures' and ?warped' where as man has a place with a favored sex from whose middle Christ developed.' (Malleus Maleficarum, 1486)(2). The men that composed Malleus Maleficarum allude to the book of scriptures for motivations to why they think about ladies detestable, so if the Church had never fused such things into the holy book such things may have never been idea. Numerous old legends depicted goddess' as malicious. Thus those pictures of fiendishness were kept and later joined to witches who kept goddess love alive hundreds of years after the fact (4). Indeed, even commitment to the Virgin Mary (who is the natural mother of Jesus) was viewed as a sign of malicious (2). One ladies, named Aldonca de Vargas, was even announced only for grinning at the notice of the Virgin Mary (Henry Kamen, Inquisition and Society in Spain) (2). When a ladies was blamed for black magic she would initially need to admit so as to be executed. The tormenting of blamed ladies was so amazingly frightful and twisted that you would think a man of low standing would be the one to do it, however unfortunately it was the men of taught positions for example, religious administrators, judges, educators and others. By doing the torment themselves it set them in a place of dread all through the network and it is even said that after the execution of an affluent witch, authorities [would treat] themselves to a dinner to the detriment of the casualty's bequest. (Barbara Walker)(2). The entirety of the casualty's bequest turned into the property of the government when they were blamed. The torment was done in such a professional style that the family members were charged for the casualties torment and passing (4). They were charged for such things as the ropes that bound them and the wood that consumed them. (Barbara Walker).(2). A few techniques for tormenting the charged witches into admitting were thumbscrews, whips, scorching tongs, and the rack, this lead to there bones being squashed, appendages cut off and tissue singed. In the wake of being bolted up and tormented for quite a long time, most ladies would admit so as to pass on and some would likewise charge neighbors and companions trusting to end their own agony (4). Another strategy for deciding the blame of the charged was to cut needles at her and if a heartless spot was found at that point she was viewed as blameworthy. A Spanish church even ventured to adjust a sculpture of the Virgin Mary into a gadget of torment. They did this by covering the front side of the sculpture with sharp blades and nails, at that point they utilized switches to make the arms of the sculpture smash the denounced against the blades and nails (Jean Plaidy, The Spanish Inquisition) (2). Men would likewise ruthlessly assault the bosoms and private parts of blamed witches on the off chance that they turned out to be explicitly stirred around her, since it was felt that the ?witch' made them be. They assaulted the bosoms and privates with pliers, intensely hot irons and forceps (2). The Churches supported all strategy's for witch torment as well as some congregation individuals would even play out the torment themselves. A religious administrator of Wurtzburg was pleased to kill 1900 black magic charged individuals in five years (2). Churchmen

Impact of technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Effect of innovation - Research Paper Example Truth be told, it oversees and runs in the veins of the network and society. At the present, an innovation is related with inventiveness and advancement. In this situation, it changes the present contemplations into reality just as into something that is strong and supportive to culture and society and improves the standard of human life. Also, it brings various chances and points of interest to a typical person’s life. Likewise, the force of robotization that new advances have offered has spared a great deal of valuable time and human ability to a colossal level. It has rearranged the entrance to data and brought far off areas a lot nearer (LGVideoContest; Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat 23).This paper examines the effect of innovation on human life particularly PCs and phones. This examination will layout the positive and negative parts of innovation and how they influence human life. This examination will layout the significant parts of IT which are changing and improving the c onventional acts of business and day by day life. Presentation Without an uncertainty, innovation (particularly data innovation) these days assumes a critical job in all everyday issues. Indeed, we would have always been unable to realize how a something can assume a key job in our lives until we would have been sited back, loose, and situated directly before the PC or PC and got to the web for the explanation that its significance can’t be depicted in words and it assumes a key job in business, family and individual life (Sohag; Worlock; FreeOnlineResearchPapers). Furthermore, the new innovation (mobile phones and PCs) permits us to get to the Internet with no issue, and it brings loved ones a lot nearer. In any case, before the rise of the Internet innovation, it was unrealistic to stay in touch with companions and family members all through the country or around the globe and it was over the top expensive. Then again, at the present, an individual living in Louisiana at pr esent has such a large number of approaches to speak with relatives, companions or others who live on the opposite side of the world. Thus, it has encouraged countless individuals to keep in contact with each other, and they would have not been able to do this creation (Sohag; Worlock; FreeOnlineResearchPapers). Another primary favorable position of innovation in business side is that it encouraged most of business companies to have the option to associate with providers, workers and accomplices all through the world. Similarly, independent companies can discover their clients anyplace in the globe. Also, associations are at present ready to enlist instructed work force from anyplace notwithstanding where they are, fundamentally developing administrations openings. In this situation, the Internet has offered incalculable approaches to find out about new preparing, employments, volunteer possibilities and what's going on in our general vicinity (Sohag; Worlock; FreeOnlineResearchPape rs). What's more, the rise of these innovations has additionally changed the manner in which individuals look for items and administrations in differing regions of the world. Not just do they can do it on the web, anyway at their own time just as the security of their own home. What is along these lines bewildering they can dispense bills with no squandering stamps and ensuring that it arrives in an auspicious manner? The new innovation, data frameworks and specialized apparatuses

SoundCloud - Strategies for Distributing Your Music

SoundCloud - Strategies for Distributing Your Music © Shutterstock.com | Denys PrykhodovIn this article, we will look at 1) what is Soundcloud?, 2) how to list successfully on Soundcloud, 3) advantages and disadvantages of using Soundcloud, and 4) Soundcloud success stories.WHAT IS SOUNDCLOUD?The CompanyAn online music and audio streaming platform, Soundcloud is based in Berlin, Germany. The website allows users to upload, record, promote and share original music and sound. The website is basically a combination of a streaming service, an audio distribution platform and an online community. As of July 2013, the website had 40 million users registered and as many as 200 million listeners.The website allows musicians to share their original music directly with fans. It also allows fans to track their favorite artists and play music continuously. The website allows users to choose from three subscription levels. A free account allows 120 minutes of audio upload and makes a few stats visible. A Pro or Pro Unlimited account allows for mor e upload hours as well as access to extensive analytics. It also features a quiet mode which enables the user to hide any comments or stats on a music track.HistoryThough created in Stockholm, Sweden, Soundcloud was established in Berlin in August 2007. The people behind the website are sound designer Alex Ljung and artist Eric Wahlforss. The two Swedes initially intended for their platform to allow musicians to share recordings with one another. This eventually transitioned into a complete audio publishing tool, allowing these musicians to distribute their music to the fans. A little while after its inception, the website began to pose a challenge to Myspace which was, at that time, a place where musicians could distribute their songs and interact with their fans.The company received 2.5 million Euros in 2009 from a round of funding. The investment came from Doughty Hanson Technology Ventures. The company reached one million subscribers in 2001 and in 2011 received $10 million from the next round of funding. This investment came from Union Square Ventures and Index Ventures. The website continued to grow and reached 5 million registered users by June 2011. At this point, the company also received funding from an A-Grade fund run by Ashton Kutcher and Guy Oseary.In late 2012, the website was revamped with a new layout, this allowed simultaneous continued playback and site navigation. It also allowed for the comments to be read with disrupting the waveform. The company began talks with major record labels in 2014. The aim was to take preemptive steps to address the issue of product licensing due to copyrighted material that appears on the platform. This was done in an attempt to avoid forced takedown notices, a situation that Google and YouTube found themselves in.The Business ModelThe website aims to narrow the gap between discovery and engagement, which means that a person can discover a new sound or a music track and connect with the artist and a like-minded community right there, without having to move to another website etc. The business model relies primarily on subscriptions at the moment. There are multiple levels that a user can choose from. These range from a free registration with limited usage to a $630 annual fee that has many benefits and features for the professional user. This service has raised $50 million for the company.As the website grows, the management is experimenting with other potential streams of revenue. There is a turn towards possible brand partnerships. There are already content partnerships with companies that include Penguin Audio Books, CBS News Radio, The Huffington Post and some others. Content partnerships focus both on faster content distribution and an extended platform for experimental and unique experiences.As a major update to the business model, the website announced in August of 2014 that there would be advertisements running for listeners in the United States. The ads will roll out to other markets eventually. The aim is to help partner artists turn their music str eams into revenue streams. The change also includes the addition of the Premier level to the subscriptions. This will contain ad based options for monetization as well as other paid features that are already being offered. Ads will appear with licensed content. The Soundcloud USPThe website allows users to upload any sound file, irrespective of the size. Uploads can happen from an already saved file or created on the spot. The website also allows commenting throughout the track which makes it a unique type of social network.HOW TO LIST SUCCESSFULLY ON SOUNDCLOUDTips from UsersOliver Sadie is a Soundcloud user who is a London-based filmscore composer and classically trained pianist. With over 14000 followers, he believes that the community on Soundcloud is not just about sharing sounds but also about sharing common interests, goals and connecting with similar people. Some tips from him and others on how to grow your community on Soundcloud include:Make Good Music If an artist doesnâ €™t finish their work or remains afraid of criticism then there is very little chance of success in building up a Soundcloud community. An artist must force themselves to finish songs and spend time making them sound high quality.Understand What is Already Out There Sadie suggests listening to existing users to get an idea what who is out there and what they are doing. Search tools and groups are a good way to find sounds that appeal to you.Take Action When You Find Something You Like Once you like something, it is a good idea to like it and add it to favorites. Users can also leave a comment and follow the person who has listed the song. Often people will follow up after this and that just adds to the community. A well timed comment can initiate a conversation and a relationship is created.Follow People Who You Are Actually Interested In People often have a tendency to start following anyone they find. This is counter-productive because these people will not follow back. When si milar people are followed a relevant communication is established and people will follow back.Follow People who Are Active and May Follow Back People who are currently online or have been recently are more likely to be active on the website and therefore likely to follow back. An online user may follow back immediately. This is a very productive tip to grow one’s community. A balanced ratio of followers to following is a good way to assess whether a person is likely to follow back.Follow Peoples Followers When someone follows you back, it is a good idea to take a look at their followers and choose to follow those that fit the criteria mentioned here. It is enough to look at their top followers who are online at any point and just focus on those instead of the whole list.Be Online As mentioned, a person who is online is more likely to get followers. So it is a good idea to fo this regularly so that people are able to discover you.Leave Honest Comments It is a good idea to leave comments that are honest, relevant, useful and encouraging. It is a better idea to be more specific than just a “nice.” It is also not a good idea to mention something that reads like spam for example, “Nice. Listen Back.”Respond Whether it is a comment or a message, a response helps connect with listeners. A response to comments is always welcomed by a fan or a follower.Join Similar Groups Joining relevant groups and sharing music is a good way to be heard and discover new sounds. Moderated groups are a good option for this as helps keep the group on track.Start a Group It can also be a good idea to create one’s own group based on a particular theme. Relevant tracks can be traced out to invite to the group. Similar community members can be discovered and a space made available to trade sounds and ideas.Share on Social Media Other social networks are a great place to share favorite artists and songs.Collaborate with Other Artists Soundcloud allows users to share work s in progress through private sharing. Full recording quality is maintained and this is a good way to work with other people.Be Patient Building up a community is not something that can happen within a day or even a month. It is something that needs consistent effort and a lot of work. To make the network more meaningful and productive for the artist, this sustained long term effort is the way to go.Sign Up for a Paid Account Most users on Soundcloud use a free account. This works for people who want to use the service within the limits that the free account imposes. To get maximum music to a wider audience, a paid account becomes necessary. The reason for this is that a 2 hour upload limit is almost nothing for someone like a DJ. The tracks themselves are limited to 100 downloads only. These can become cumbersome after a while and it makes sense to sign up for a paid account.Use Tags Another useful idea is to use the right tags for each song. The right tags make the song more se archable and easier to find for people. Some ideas for tags include tags for genre, similar style record names, similar artist names, mood descriptions of the songs and well known songs by similar artists.Common MistakesIt is important for a successful Soundcloud presence that a good first impression is made. Some mistakes to avoid in this regard include:URL Consistency The URL extensions used on Soundcloud should be consistent with any others being used elsewhere on the web. For example, a Facebook extension facebook.com/BigBand, should be the same for soundcloud. This can be edited under the tab “Basic Profile.”Social Media Links Social media is a very important tool these days and a fan who finds their way to a Soundcloud page will often want to look up further details. For this purpose, it is a good idea to make sure that profiles are linked. Soundcloud helps this process by providing an integrated way to link social media. Thumbnail images are even available for the large r platforms.Complete Bio Though basic, an incomplete bio is a commonly made mistake. A complete bio should be between 50-250 words and should be followed up with contact information.Correct Representation of Work The most prolific work done by an artist should be listed on top and easy to reach.Uploading The Right Stuff All work done by an artist does not necessarily need to be uploaded. Instead, it is a good idea to put up the best work done by the artist to ensure that people who visit the page are left with a positive first impression. Any half-done or works-in-progress should not be displayed either, though there may be differing points of view on this.Labeling To ensure that a track is easy to find, all titles, artist information and keywords or tags should be correctly labeled.Genre The genre should be the first keyword associated with a track. The Soundcloud explore function indexes tracks according to genre and these are defined through the keywords specificed by the us er. Other important keywords include original artist, associated artists and record label.Use your Own Account In order to create an engaged and connected Soundcloud account it is imperative that a person use his or her own account to interact with others.Spam It is important to leave the right comments that are honest and relevant. It is not a good idea to leave spam like comments asking a person to follow back without any other details. An elaborate and constructive comment can act as the beginning of a conversation and direct people to a person’s account, eventually leading to relationships and followers.Being Responsive One commonly overlooked way to build community ties is to reply to any comments and messages received. This leaves a positive impression on people and direct them back to a user’s account. The replies should sound personal and not a generic response that sounds like a bot.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING SOUNDCLOUDAdvantagesOverall, Soundcloud is a us er friendly website. Some of the advantages of using this site are:The website itself is smooth and user friendly and the phone app is also easy to navigate and use.The site offers users the choice of either uploading an existing audio file or recording it on the spot.Users can also share music and other audio file on other social media platforms by embedding them in social networks, blogs or websites.The files uploaded to the site can be of any size with no limits.A timed comment option allows users to leave a note regarding specific parts of an audio track.Submissions can be streamed through Dropbox, saving space on a desktop.Tracks can be easily reposted.Each music file gets its own unique URL address and its own page.There are dedicated groups which allows users to find the ones that are similar to their own interests.The smartphone app also allows upload and recording making the experience a flexible and mobile one.Tracks can be managed and organized easily.DisadvantagesSome di sadvantages of using Soundcloud include:The service does not allow editing or any additional effects. These need to be added elsewhere before upload to the website.Users need to be logged in to make a comment or follow users.Another disadvantamgge is the cost. A full package offers many benefits but it is costly to subscrive to.SOUNDCLOUD SUCCESS STORIESDJ ‘Mr Aker’ and His Soundcloud SuccessMr Aker is a DJ who operates out of his bedroom. He managed to use JustGo Music, a social media management platform that helps musicians grow their fanbase, together with a DJ mix and a simple marketing technique to reach 550 plays on Soundcloud in only 24 hours. Here’s how he did it:Create a Mix MR Aker began by creating a mix of his favorite musical cuts from different genres that he liked. This mix was a 30 minute one that included 26 tracks from as many as 24 different artists.Find the Artists He then got on Soundcloud and found his featured artists, got their Soundcloud and Twitter URLs and put together a document.Upload the Mix Mr Aker now uploaded his mix onto multiple platforms including Soundcloud, Youtube and Mixcloud. When he wrote the description for his mix, he made sure to include the entire tracklist that he had already made and linked this to each artist profile URL and the original song that he had sampled.Tweet to the Artists The DJ then used the JustGo music service to compose spaced out timed tweets aimed at each artist who appeared on his mix. His tweets were timed to go out after a few hours each. Every tweet was different but contained the same basic information which included the artist’s handle on twitter, the original track title, the time stamp of the song in the mix and a link to the mix itself on Soundcloud.The Result Most of the artists that were a part of the mix either favorited or retweeted Mr Aker’s tweet. One of the artists even reposted the mix on Soundcloud which led to a jump in plays for the DJ. He managed to increase h is daily follower growth by 300% and reached 550 plays in 24 hours alone.

Social Media Profiles As An Invasion Of Privacy - 999 Words

One of the most highly debated issues in the business world is the use of social media profiles as a determining factor in the hiring process. Some people feel that using someone’s social media profile is an invasion of privacy because it uses something from their personal life to determine their professional success. As long as the company follows some basic guidelines I believe there is nothing wrong with them looking into the profiles of their potential employees. It is important to point out that while looking at many of the different ethical ideologies, this practice does not violate the ethical conducts. Teleologists would agree that looking into someones profile will ensure that you are hiring someone who will conduct themselves in a proper manner. Therefore, the means of looking into their personal lives justifies the ends in which you hire a professional with good character. Deontologists would likely agree that as long as the company does not try to find loop holes t o see into protected accounts that they are respecting the rights of the individual and therefore are not being unethical. I believe that it is reasonable for a company to use social media profiles as a basis for hiring because everything posted on the internet is public domain, it allows them to get an understanding of who the potential client is, and you want to ensure that you are hiring someone who fits in to your company. I believe that it is reasonable to use a potential employee’s social mediaShow MoreRelatedSocial Media s Eroding Our Privacy Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 24, 2016 Social Media and U.S Surveillances Eroding our Privacy The emerge of our privacy invasion has mount with government surveillance by the U.S national security system (Baumer, Roth, Epstein, 2014). Government surveillance and social website such as Facebook, Twitter, Google, and YouTube are source of privacy invasion (Cole, 2015). Connecting to social website to communication with friends, family, and co-worker; sharing, updating news, and information which overcast privacy according toRead MoreFacebook Is The Leading Social Media Network1180 Words   |  5 Pagesadvent of social media. These are platforms that allow for individuals to exchange information and ideas through virtual networks that rely on web based applications. Social media platforms are in different forms such as blogs, video sharing sites, and social networks among others. Some of the popular social media sites include Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Wikipedia, LinkedIn and Youtube. III. Summary: By virtue of the amount of time spent on the site, Facebook is the leading social media networkRead MoreSocial Media Is A Pervasive Instrument Of Communication Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media is a pervasive instrument of communication where the rapid sharing of information through various online platforms permits the creation of a global community. However, the information exchange on social media also results in the loss of user privacy. Therefore, social media corporations must balance their interests in making a profit with respecting clients’ need for privacy. Additionally, consumers must educate themselves on privacy measures they can implement to increase security.Read MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Hiring Process1234 Words   |  5 PagesJill Cooper Torres English 105 9 September 2014 Social Media In The Hiring Process The effects of social media are inescapable. While Facebook and other social media networks have people sharing even the most mundane events of life, the popular websites also bring into question serious legal issues, particularly in the hiring practices of companies. The access of hiring managers to reach into private lives and reveal personal information of a potential employee is not only tempting, but now commonRead MoreFacebook Has Changed The Face Of Social Media1640 Words   |  7 Pageschanged the face of social media altogether. Facebook was originally designed for the average student to stay connected to other college students within the area. After years of growth, the social media platform has completely transformed into a space parents and even grandparents can navigate with ease. Because there are so many people within the site, there is room for problems to arise within everyday use. Facebook has made it so that users can change and maintain their privacy settings, howeverRead MoreA Harbinger Of Danger And Discontent1307 Words   |  6 Pagesor communicate with others† (Hachman). Each day people live with a false security that they are protected and maintain a sense of privacy. Citizens misplace their trust in social media and technology, and divulge their personal information in ignorance of the repercussions that may arise. Users say the advances in technology and social media will not affect their privacy; however, it is proven that these advances can be a harbinger of both danger and discontent. Our nation is built upon its foundationRead MoreTechnology And Social Medias Effect On The Peoples Privacy1286 Words   |  6 Pagescommunicate with others† (Hachman). Each day people live with a false security that they are protected and maintain a sense of privacy. Citizens misplace their trust in social media and technology, and divulge their personal information in ignorance of the repercussions that may arise. Users say the advances in technology and social media won’t affect the people’s privacy; however, it is proven that these advances can be a harbinger of both danger and discontent. Our nation is built upon its foundationRead MoreData Protection and Customer Privacy743 Words   |  3 PagesThe media, trade bodies and academia has created a large buzz around the Data Protection and customers’ privacy in the recent years. The consequences of the issue raised are different legislation policies, self-regulation, and general confusion. In order to be discussed, this controversial topic should be looked at from two different perspectives: customers’ one and direct marketers’ one. From customers’ point of view, direct marketing is undoubtedly an invasion of their privacy. Consumers feel intimidatedRead MoreInvasion Of Privacy And Discrimination Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesInvasion of Privacy and Discrimination in a Workplace with the use of Technology, Ethical or Unethical? Technology has enhanced and improved every aspect of our lives and our businesses are no different. Even though we have made huge progress in terms of technology and what not, yet one can always use these technologies in a way that can negatively impact our lives. It all comes down to morality and ethics. In this essay I will be discussing the Ethical issues within Human Resource Management inRead MoreIs The Absolute Security On The Internet?1561 Words   |  7 PagesI think almost everybody in the world who does social networking or goes online Nowadays, many people experience problems regarding privacy on technology, such as the Internet. With technology, people can do all sorts of things and socialize with people from different places. However, people shouldn’t trust digital technology so easily when it involves disclosure of private information. With digital technology being so advanced today, people’s privacy is in danger that demonstrates cybersecurity,

An Analysis Of Ken Kesy s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

In Ken Kesy’s One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution. Randall McMurphy is sent to the asylum, he shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. McMurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. Nobody knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place. When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making

An Analysis Of Ken Kesy s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

In Ken Kesy’s One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution. Randall McMurphy is sent to the asylum, he shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. McMurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. Nobody knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place. When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making

An Analysis Of Ken Kesy s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

In Ken Kesy’s One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution. Randall McMurphy is sent to the asylum, he shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. McMurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. Nobody knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place. When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making

An Analysis Of Ken Kesy s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

In Ken Kesy’s One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution. Randall McMurphy is sent to the asylum, he shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. McMurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. Nobody knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place. When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making

An Analysis Of Ken Kesy s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

In Ken Kesy’s One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution. Randall McMurphy is sent to the asylum, he shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. McMurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. Nobody knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place. When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making

An Analysis Of Ken Kesy s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

In Ken Kesy’s One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution. Randall McMurphy is sent to the asylum, he shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. McMurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. Nobody knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place. When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making

An Analysis Of Ken Kesy s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest

In Ken Kesy’s One Flew over the Cuckoo s Nest, humor is present in a very powerful form. Normally, insane people don’t have the capacity to laugh or find the humor in something as would normal people do. They live tragic existences, wandering day by day in the bland, depressing world of an asylum. They have forgotten how to live because they are under the commanding rule of the head nurse, and under the behavioral influence of drug doses and bossy orderlies. The patients’ laughter is a therapeutic form. In the novel laughter represents freedom and an escape from nurse Ratched’s restrictions. Laughter proves a vital role in helping the patients deal with their problems. Not only does it help them deal with problems but it also gave them the push toward progress on getting out of the institution. Randall McMurphy is sent to the asylum, he shows them that to laugh is good, and laughing at yourself can sometimes be the best medicine. He is the comic healer who gives life to the otherwise hopeless patients of the asylum. McMurphy was the one who started making people laughing in the ward. When he first came into the ward he was cracking jokes and shaking everybody’s hand. (16) No one in the ward responded with any real response but confusion. Nobody knew what laughter was in the ward, it was taken from them. The only thing they had was board games and Mrs. Ratched’s music (15). The ward was a very depressing place. When Mcmurphy comes into the ward his laughing was making

Frostbite Chapter 5 Free Essays

string(27) " a familiar and light way\." Five I HAD NO IDEA WHAT Dimitri was talking about, but I followed along obediently. To my surprise, he led me out of the boundaries of the campus and into the surrounding woods. The Academy owned a lot of land, not all of which was actively used for educational purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Frostbite Chapter 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now We were in a remote part of Montana, and at times, it seemed as though the school was just barely holding back the wilderness. We walked quietly for a while, our feet crunching through thick, unbroken snow. A few birds flitted by, singing their greetings to the rising sun, but mostly all I saw were scraggly, snow-heavy evergreen trees. I had to work to keep up with Dimitri’s longer stride, particularly since the snow slowed me down a little. Soon, I discerned a large, dark shape ahead. Some kind of building. â€Å"What is that?† I asked. Before he could answer, I realized it was a small cabin, made out of logs and everything. Closer examination showed that the logs looked worn and rotten in some places. The roof sagged a little. â€Å"Old watch-post,† he said. â€Å"Guardians used to live on the edge of campus and keep watch for Strigoi.† â€Å"Why don’t they anymore?† â€Å"We don’t have enough guardians to staff it. Besides, Moroi have warded campus with enough protective magic that most don’t think it’s necessary to have actual people on guard.† Provided no humans staked the wards, I thought. For a few brief moments, I entertained the hope that Dimitri was leading me off to some romantic getaway. Then I heard voices on the opposite side of the building. A familiar hum of feeling coursed into my mind. Lissa was there. Dimitri and I rounded the corner of the building, coming up on a surprising scene. A small frozen pond lay there, and Christian and Lissa were ice skating on it. A woman I didn’t know was with them, but her back was to me. All I could see was a wave of jet-black hair that arced around her when she skated to a graceful stop. Lissa grinned when she saw me. â€Å"Rose!† Christian glanced over at me as she spoke, and I got the distinct impression he felt I was intruding on their romantic moment. Lissa moved in awkward strides to the pond’s edge. She wasn’t so adept at skating. I could only stare in bewildermentand jealousy. â€Å"Thanks for inviting me to the party.† â€Å"I figured you were busy,† she said. â€Å"And this is secret anyway. We aren’t supposed to be here.† I could have told them that. Christian skated up beside her, and the strange woman soon followed. â€Å"You bringing party crashers, Dimka?† she asked. I wondered who she was talking to, until I heard Dimitri laugh. He didn’t do it that often, and my surprise increased. â€Å"It’s impossible to keep Rose away from places she shouldn’t be. She always finds them eventually.† The woman grinned and turned around, flipping her long hair over one shoulder, so that I suddenly saw her face full-on. It took every ounce of my already dubiously held self-control not to react. Her heart-shaped face had large eyes exactly the same shade as Christian’s, a pale wintry blue. The lips that smiled at me were delicate and lovely, glossed in a shade of pink that set off the rest of her features. But across her left cheek, marring what would have otherwise been smooth, white skin were raised, purplish scars. Their shape and formation looked very much like someone had bitten into and torn out part of her cheek. Which, I realized, was exactly what had happened. I swallowed. I suddenly knew who this was. It was Christian’s aunt. When his parents had turned Strigoi, they’d come back for him, hoping to hide him away and turn him Strigoi when he was older. I didn’t know all the details, but I knew his aunt had fended them off. As I’d observed before, though, Strigoi were deadly. She’d provided enough of a distraction until the guardians showed up, but she hadn’t walked away without damage. She extended her gloved hand to me. â€Å"Tasha Ozera,† she said. â€Å"I’ve heard a lot about you, Rose.† I gave Christian a dangerous look, and Tasha laughed. â€Å"Don’t worry,† she said. â€Å"It was all good.† â€Å"No, it wasn’t,† he countered. She shook her head in exasperation. â€Å"Honestly, I don’t know where he got such horrible social skills. He didn’t learn them from me.† That was obvious, I thought. â€Å"What are you guys doing out here?† I asked. â€Å"I wanted to spend some time with these two.† A small frown wrinkled her forehead. â€Å"But I don’t really like hanging around the school itself. They aren’t always hospitable†¦.† I didn’t get that at first. School officials usually fell all over themselves when royals came to visit. Then I figured it out. â€Å"Because †¦ because of what happened †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Considering the way everyone treated Christian because of his parents, I shouldn’t have been surprised to find his aunt facing the same discrimination. Tasha shrugged. â€Å"That’s the way it is.† She rubbed her hands together and exhaled, her breath making a frosty cloud in the air. â€Å"But let’s not stand out here, not when we can build a fire inside.† I gave a last, wistful glance at the frozen pond and then followed the others inside. The cabin was pretty bare, covered in layers of dust and dirt. It consisted of only one room. There was a narrow bed with no covers in the corner and a few shelves where food had probably once been stored. There was a fireplace, however, and we soon had a blaze going that warmed the small area. The five of us sat down, huddling around its heat, and Tasha produced a bag of marshmallows that we cooked over the flames. As we feasted on that gooey goodness, Lissa and Christian talked to each other in that easy, comfortable way they always had. To my surprise, Tasha and Dimitri also talked in a familiar and light way. You read "Frostbite Chapter 5" in category "Essay examples" They obviously knew each other from way back when. I’d actually never seen him so animated before. Even when affectionate with me, there’d always been a serious air about him. With Tasha, he bantered and laughed. The more I listened to her, the more I liked her. Finally, unable to stay out of the conversation, I asked, â€Å"So are you coming on the ski trip?† She nodded. Stifling a yawn, she stretched herself out like a cat. â€Å"I haven’t been skiing in ages. No time. Been saving all my vacation for this.† â€Å"Vacation?† I gave her a curious look. â€Å"Do you have†¦a job?† â€Å"Sadly, yes,† Tasha said, though she didn’t actually sound very sad about it. â€Å"I teach martial arts classes.† I stared in astonishment. I couldn’t have been more surprised if she’d said she was an astronaut or a telephone psychic. A lot of royals just didn’t work at all, and if they did, it was usually in some sort of investment or other moneymaking business that furthered their family fortunes. And those who did work certainly didn’t do a lot of martial arts or physically demanding jobs. Moroi had a lot of great attributes: exceptional sensessmell, sight, and hearingand the power to work magic. But physically, they were tall and slender, often small-boned. They also got weak from being in sunlight. Now, those things weren’t enough to prevent someone from becoming a fighter, but they did make it more challenging. An idea had built up among the Moroi over time that their best offense was a good defense, and most shied away from the thought of physical conflict. They hid in well-protected places like the Academy, always relying on stronger, hardier dhampirs to guard them. â€Å"What do you think, Rose?† Christian seemed highly amused by my surprise. â€Å"Think you could take her?† â€Å"Hard to say,† I said. Tasha crooked me a grin. â€Å"You’re being modest. I’ve seen what you guys can do. This is just a hobby I picked up.† Dimitri chuckled. â€Å"Now you’re being modest. You could teach half the classes around here.† â€Å"Not likely,† she said. â€Å"It’d be pretty embarrassing to be beaten up by a bunch of teenagers.† â€Å"I don’t think that’d happen,† he said. â€Å"I seem to remember you doing some damage to Neil Szelsky.† Tasha rolled her eyes. â€Å"Throwing my drink in his face wasn’t actually damageunless you consider the damage it did to his suit. And we all know how he is about his clothes.† They both laughed at some private joke the rest of us weren’t in on, but I was only half-listening. I was still intrigued about her role with the Strigoi. The self-control I’d tried to maintain finally slipped. â€Å"Did you start learning to fight before or after that happened to your face?† â€Å"Rose!† hissed Lissa. But Tasha didn’t seem upset. Neither did Christian, and he usually grew uncomfortable when the attack with his parents was brought up. She regarded me with a level, thoughtful look. It reminded me of the one I sometimes got from Dimitri if I did something surprising that he approved of. â€Å"After,† she said. She didn’t lower her gaze or look embarrassed, though I sensed sadness in her. â€Å"How much do you know?† I glanced at Christian. â€Å"The basics.† She nodded. â€Å"I knew †¦ I knew what Lucas and Moira had become, but that still didn’t prepare me. Mentally, physically, or emotionally. I think if I had to live through it again, I still wouldn’t be ready. But after that night, I looked at myself figurativelyand realized how defenseless I was. I’d spent my whole life expecting guardians to protect me and take care of me. â€Å"And that’s not to say the guardians aren’t capable. Like I said, you could probably take me in a fight. But theyLucas and Moiracut down our two guardians before we realized what had happened. I stalled them from taking Christian but just barely. If the others hadn’t shown up, I’d be dead, and he’d† She stopped, frowned, and kept going. â€Å"I decided that I didn’t want to die that way, not without putting up a real fight and doing everything I could to protect myself and those I love. So I learned all sorts of self-defense. And after a while, I didn’t really, uh, fit in so well with high society around here. So I moved to Minneapolis and made a living from teaching others.† I didn’t doubt there were other Moroi living in Minneapolisthough God only knew whybut I could read between the lines. She’d moved there and integrated herself with humans, keeping away from other vampires like Lissa and I had for two years. I started to wonder also if there might have been something else there between the lines. She’d said she’d learned â€Å"all sorts of self-defense†apparently, more than just martial arts. Going along with their offense-defense beliefs, the Moroi didn’t think magic should be used as a weapon. Long ago, it had been used that way, and some Moroi still secretly did today. Christian, I knew, was one of them. I suddenly had a good idea of where he might have picked up that kind of thing. Silence fell. It was hard to follow up a sad story like that. But Tasha, I realized, was one of those people who could always lighten a mood. It made me like her even more, and she spent the rest of the time telling us funny stories. She didn’t put on airs like a lot of royals did, so she had lots of dirt on everyone. Dimitri knew a lot of the people she spoke of honestly, how did someone so antisocial seem to know everyone in Moroi and guardian societyand would occasionally add some small detail. They had us in hysterics until Tasha finally looked at her watch. â€Å"Where’s the best place a girl can go shopping around here?† she asked. Lissa and I exchanged looks. â€Å"Missoula,† we said in unison. Tasha sighed. â€Å"That’s a couple hours away, but if I leave soon, I can probably still get in some time before the stores close. I’m hopelessly behind in Christmas shopping.† I groaned. â€Å"I’d kill to go shopping.† â€Å"Me too,† said Lissa. â€Å"Maybe we could sneak along†¦.† I gave Dimitri a hopeful look. â€Å"No,† he said immediately. I gave a sigh of my own. Tasha yawned again. â€Å"I’ll have to grab some coffee, so I don’t sleep on the drive in.† â€Å"Can’t one of your guardians drive for you?† She shook her head. â€Å"I don’t have any.† â€Å"Don’t have any †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I frowned, parsing her words. â€Å"You don’t have any guardians?† â€Å"Nope.† I shot up. â€Å"But that’s not possible! You’re royal. You should have at least one. Two, really.† Guardians were distributed among Moroi in a cryptic, micromanaged way by the Guardian Council. It was kind of an unfair system, considering the ratio of guardians to Moroi. Non-royals tended to get them by a lottery system. Royals always got them. High-ranking royals often got more than one, but even the lowest-ranking member of royalty wouldn’t have been without one. â€Å"The Ozeras aren’t exactly first in line when guardians get assigned,† said Christian bitterly. â€Å"Ever since†¦my parents died†¦there’s kind of been a shortage.† My anger flared up. â€Å"But that’s not fair. They can’t punish you for what your parents did.† â€Å"It’s not punishment, Rose.† Tasha didn’t seem nearly as enraged as she should have been, in my opinion. â€Å"It’s just†¦a rearranging of priorities.† â€Å"They’re leaving you defenseless. You can’t go out there by yourself!† â€Å"I’m not defenseless, Rose. I’ve told you that. And if I really wanted a guardian, I could make a nuisance of myself, but it’s a lot of hassle. I’m fine for now.† Dimitri glanced over at her. â€Å"You want me to go with you?† â€Å"And keep you up all night?† Tasha shook her head. â€Å"I wouldn’t do that to you, Dimka.† â€Å"He doesn’t mind,† I said quickly, excited about this solution. Dimitri seemed amused by me speaking for him, but he didn’t contradict me. â€Å"I really don’t.† She hesitated. â€Å"All right. But we should probably go soon.† Our illicit party dispersed. The Moroi went one direction; Dimitri and I went another. He and Tasha made plans to meet up in a half hour. â€Å"So what do you think of her?† he asked when we were alone. â€Å"I like her. She’s cool.† I thought about her for a moment. â€Å"And I get what you mean about the marks.† â€Å"Oh?† I nodded, watching my footing as we walked along the paths. Even when salted and shoveled, they could still collect hidden patches of ice. â€Å"She didn’t do what she did for glory. She did it because she had to. Just like†¦just like my mom did.† I hated to admit it, but it was true. Janine Hathaway might be the worst mother ever, but she was a great guardian. â€Å"The marks don’t matter. Molnijas or scars.† â€Å"You’re a fast learner,† he said with approval. I swelled under his praise. â€Å"Why does she call you Dimka?† He laughed softly. I’d heard a lot of his laughter tonight and decided I’d like to hear more of it. â€Å"It’s a nickname for Dimitri.† â€Å"That doesn’t make any sense. It doesn’t sound anything like Dimitri. You should be called, I don’t know, Dimi or something.† â€Å"That’s not how it works in Russian,† he said. â€Å"Russian’s weird,† In Russian, the nickname for Vasilisa was Vasya, which made no sense to me. â€Å"So is English.† I gave him a sly look. â€Å"If you’d teach me to swear in Russian, I might have a new appreciation for it.† â€Å"You swear too much already.† â€Å"I just want to express myself.† â€Å"Oh, Roza†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He sighed, and I felt a thrill tickle me. â€Å"Roza† was my name in Russian. He rarely used it. â€Å"You express yourself more than anyone else I know.† I smiled and walked on a bit without saying anything else. My heart skipped a beat, I was so happy to be around him. There was something warm and right about us being together. Even as I floated along, my mind churned over something else that I’d been thinking about. â€Å"You know, there’s something funny about Tasha’s scars.† â€Å"What’s that?† he asked. â€Å"The scars†¦they mess up her face,† I began slowly. I was having trouble putting my thoughts into words. â€Å"I mean, it’s obvious she used to be really pretty. But even with the scars now †¦ I don’t know. She’s pretty in a different way. It’s like†¦like they’re part of her. They complete her.† It sounded silly, but it was true. Dimitri didn’t say anything, but he gave me a sidelong glance. I returned it, and as our eyes met, I saw the briefest glimpse of the old attraction. It was fleeting and gone too soon, but I’d seen it. Pride and approval replaced it, and they were almost as good. When he spoke, it was to echo his earlier thoughts. â€Å"You’re a fast learner, Roza.† How to cite Frostbite Chapter 5, Essay examples

The World Turned Upside Down Essay Research free essay sample

The World Turned Upside Down Essay, Research Paper When the Europeans established settlements in the New World, they sought to change over the Indians manner of civilisation. Their compulsion was to spread Christianity and their civilization throughout all of the settlements including the Indian small towns. Some Indian people accepted these traditions because they felt as if they had no where else to turn. When the colonists invaded the new land they brought with them many diseases which wiped out many Indian small towns and folks. The Indians besides had a difficult clip demuring the invasions on new districts, which led to many wars. This resulted in a big lessening of the Indian population, so some American indians turned to Cristianity and other European traditions. On the otherhand, many Indians insisted that European beliefs should be merely amongst themselves. They had no concern seeking to present a new faith when the Indian # 8217 ; s traditions have been practiced for old ages. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Turned Upside Down Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Indians during this clip were forced to accept the Europeans set uping new districts, even if they did non belong to them. As the Indian populations continued to diminish, some American indians intermarried with the Europeans and even the Africans to seek and hike the population one time once more. This of class produced assorted kids who were confused and could non make up ones mind which civilization they would accept. This mix of people changed the ways of life for the Native Americans every bit good as the Europeans throughout early America. It is obvious to me that land was the largest ground for war among the American indians and the Europeans. It was simple: the Indians did non desire to give up their land that they had claimed for so many old ages to a clump of irrogant colonists who take what of all time they want. The English felt that God had granted them the land and the Indians should be removed. However, the Native Americans besides wanted something from the new settlers, trade. The American Indians were great huntsmans who collected many pelts that were valuable trade merchandises. After clip some Indian folks grew in debt with the colonists and the lone manner they could pay their debts is by giving them land. That is where the Europeans and the Indian # 8217 ; s attitudes differ over land. The Indians were willing to sometimes negotiate about certain districts, where most of the Europeans were traveling to take the land whether the Indians were traveling to cooperate or non. Battles frequently broke out when larger Indian folk felt they could contend for their land. Sometimes they were able to get the better of the English in conflicts, but most of the clip they were out numbered. During this clip the English were really greety. The King was giving off land that did non even belong to him, and did non care that he was diminins hing the population of the American Indians in the procedure. Native American addresss, letters, and sentiments have given historiographers a really good apprehension of what life was like when the settlers were set uping new land. Many of the Indian # 8217 ; s letters were understandings to land packages ( workss ) in exchange for goods. This supports the thoughts I stated earlier about the importance of trade with the Europeans. In different Indian communities trade became a necessity and really destablized their ability to fend for themselves. The Indians turned to the English for guns and ammo to kill their cervid and American bison. Some besides turned to alcohol, trusting that it would wipe out some of their jobs. The leaders of certain folks would put fault on the white people for doing them unstable. Through addresss, letters, and sentiments historiographers are able to unknot the truth and find what, when, and why the settlers did what they did to the American Indians. For United States history in general, these beginnings of information show us the importance of the land. To set up a successful settlement, one must hold H2O, and descent dirt for farming. This is everything the English wanted and what chased the Indians off the land. The settlers were the laminitiss of industry and authorities. Written paperss show how the settlers began mining, agriculture, and mills. They were besides the first to put up an elective legislative organic structure, a system similar to the one we still utilize today. Documents that were written by the Europeans about Native Americans would explicate why the English did what they did. They likely wouldn # 8217 ; T do themselves out to be every bit aggressive as the Indians might propose. They would back up themselves as independent colonists doing their life the lone manner they knew how. I # 8217 ; m certain some paperss would province that the Indians were at mistake for their ain deceases. Addresss by the Indians would besides likely exaggerated how evil the white work forces truly were, and that they had no rights to any of the land they landed on. Restrictions on the Indian pacts would explicate that the Indians had no other alternate but to give their land to the white adult male in exchange for goods. Last records incorporating unwritten traditions of the Native Americans would connote that they were taken off and replaced with the beliefs of the Englishmen. The Native American Indians and the English colonists faced many adversities throughout this period of history. The Indians were faced with invasions of their land and the colonists were faced with saluatary disregard. These historical events that took topographic point 100s of old ages ago formed the United States today. These events can besides do one appreciate life in this state in 1999.

Middle School Science Fair Projects

Middle School Science Fair Projects It can be a challenge to come up with a middle school science fair project idea. There is fierce competition to come up with the coolest idea, plus you need a topic that is considered appropriate for your educational level: Elementary School ProjectsMiddle School ProjectsHigh School ProjectsCollege Projects This is your chance to shine! Middle school students may do alright with projects that describe or model phenomena, but if you can answer a question or solve a problem, you will excel. Try to propose a hypothesis and test it. Aim for a typed presentation with visual aids, such as pictures or physical examples. Choose a project you can do fairly quickly, to give you time to work on the report (no longer than a month). Schools may prohibit projects using hazardous chemicals or animals, so play it safe and avoid anything that might raise red flags with your teacher. Can you significantly affect your household water bill or electric bill (water or energy usage) by making a change in you or your familys behavior? For example, you might track changes you are making, like shorter showers or turning off lights, and record the utility usage.What household waste materials might be used to filter water? Examples of materials you might try would include banana peels and coffee grounds.What materials glow under black light? Can you use the UV light to find invisible, possibly smelly, stains in your carpet or elsewhere in your house?Will chilling an onion before cutting it keep you from crying?Does catnip repel cockroaches better than DEET?What ratio of vinegar to baking soda produces the best chemical volcano eruption?What type of plastic wrap prevents evaporation the best?What plastic wrap prevents oxidation the best?What percentage of an orange is water?Are night insects attracted to lamps because of heat or light?Can you make Jello using fresh pineappl es instead of canned pineapples? Do white candles burn at a different rate than colored candles?Does the presence of detergent in water affect plant growth?Can a saturated solution of sodium chloride still dissolve Epsom salts?Does magnetism affect the growth of plants?How does the shape of an ice cube affect how quickly it melts?Do different brands of popcorn leave different amounts of unpopped kernels?How accurately do egg producers measure eggs?How do differences in surfaces affect the adhesion of tape?If you shake up different kinds or brands of soft drinks (e.g., carbonated), will they all spew the same amount?Are all potato chips equally greasy?Do the same types of mold grow on all types of bread?Does light affect the rate at which foods spoil?Can you use a household water filter to remove flavor or color from other liquids?Does the power of a microwave affect how well it makes popcorn?Do all brands of diapers absorb the same amount of liquid? Does it matter what the liquid is (water as opposed to juice or... um.. urine)? Do all dishwashing detergents produce the same amount of bubbles? Clean the same number of dishes?Is the nutritional content of different brands of a vegetable (e.g., canned peas) the same?How permanent are permanent markers? What solvents (e.g., water, alcohol, vinegar, detergent solution) will remove the ink? Do different brands/types of markers produce the same results?Is laundry detergent as effective if you use less than the recommended amount? More?Do all hairsprays hold equally well? Equally long? Does the type of hair affect the results?What effect do additives have on the crystals? You could add food coloring, flavorings, or other impurities.What steps can you take to maximize crystal size? You can affect vibration, humidity, temperature, the  rate of evaporation, purity of your growth medium, and time allowed for crystal growth.How do different factors affect seed germination? Factors that you could test include the intensity, duration, or type of light, the temperature, the amount of water, the presence/absence of certain chemicals, or the presence/absence of soil. You can look at the percentage of seeds that germinate or the rate at which seeds germinate. Is a seed affected by its size? Do different size seeds have different germination rates or percentages? Does seed size affect the growth rate or final size of a plant?How does cold storage affect the germination of seeds? Factors you can control include the type of seeds, the  length of storage, the  temperature of storage, and other variables, such as light and humidity.What conditions affect the ripening of fruit? Look at ethylene and enclosing a fruit in a sealed bag, temperature, light, or nearness to other pieces or fruit.How are different soils affected by erosion? You can make your own wind or water and evaluate the effects on soil. If you have access to a very cold freezer, you can look at the effects of freeze and thaw cycles.How does the pH of soil relate to the pH of the water around the soil? You can make your own pH paper, test the pH of the soil, add water, then test the pH of the water. Are the two values the same? If not, is there a relationship between them?How close does a plant have to be to a pesticide for it to work? What factors influence the effectiveness of a pesticide (rain? light? wind?)? How much can you dilute a pesticide while retaining its effectiveness? How effective are natural pest deterrents?

Castigo por entrar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos

Castigo por entrar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos El cruce ilegal de la frontera para ingresar a los Estados Unidos tiene consecuencias migratorias graves e incluso puede tenerlas desde el punto de vista penal. Destacar que las consecuencias se producen tanto si se consigue el objetivo de ingresar como si se es agarrado en el intento.  ¿Quà © se considera ingreso ilegal a los Estados Unidos? En realidad, segà ºn las leyes migratorias constituye entrada ilegal varias acciones, entre ellas: cruzar por cualquier punto que no sea un control migratoriocruzar escondido en un vehà ­culo que sà ­ pasa por un control migratoriocruzar por un control migratorio utilizando una visa vlida pero que se obtuvo mintiendo cruzar utilizando un documento falso como visa, pasaporte o tarjeta de residenciacruzar con el documento de otra persona, como por ejemplo su pasaporte o cualquier otro.  ¿Cul es el castigo por cruzar ilegalmente 1 vez? El castigo por cruzar o intentar cruzar ilegalmente la frontera 1 sola vez comprende distintas penalidades como posible multa econà ³mica y/o posible condena de prisià ³n por un mximo de 2 aà ±os.   Adems, si no se consigue cruzar ilegalmente es muy posible que la remocià ³n de Estados Unidos tenga la forma de una expulsià ³n inmediata, que lleva como penalidad el castigo de no poder ingresar a Estados Unidos por 5 aà ±os. Tener en cuenta que incluso cuando ya ha pasado el tiempo de la penalidad es posible que sea especialmente difà ­cil obtener una visa no inmigrante porque se considera que la persona es inelegible. Esto se debe a que para pedir una visa no inmigrante con à ©xito uno de los requisitos es la de convencer al oficial consular ms all de toda duda de que el solicitante no tiene intencià ³n de quedarse en Estados Unidos. Y esto es particularmente difà ­cil cuando en el pasado se intentà ³ cruzar ilegalmente. Por otra parte, si el migrante consigue cruzar ilegalmente sin ser agarrado tiene que saber que sus problemas migratorios son reales. En primer lugar, es prioridad para ser removido de Estados Unidos, bien mediante una expulsià ³n inmediata o bien mediante un procedimiento formal de deportacià ³n, dependiendo del caso.   En segundo lugar, prcticamente todos los caminos para regularizar la situacià ³n mediante un ajuste de estatus estn cerrados. Esto es porque la persona se ha convertido en lo que se conoce como inadmisible. En la prctica esto quiere decir que incluso es imposible arreglar mediante el ajuste a personas que se casan de buena fe con ciudadanos americanos y tienen hijos ciudadanos. Por lo tanto habrà ­a que salir del paà ­s para ir a travà ©s de un procedimiento consular y ahà ­ hay otro problema que es que aplica el castigo de los 3 y de los 10 aà ±os. Por todas estas razones los indocumentados que ingresaron ilegalmente deben consultar con un abogado de confianza antes de iniciar temas de papelerà ­a porque en muchos casos no es posible obtenerlos de ninguna manera desde un punto de vista prctico. Es cierto que hay abiertos algunos cauces abiertos, como por ejemplo el asilo que cada vez es ms complicado especialmente cuando se solicita en la zona de la frontera o las visas U para và ­ctimas de violencia que cumplen requisitos estrictos, VAWA para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica o casos como la visa T por trfico humano o el programa de juveniles para menores de 21 aà ±os que han sido abusados y/o abandonados por sus padres. Segà ºn la ley actual los à ºnicos migrantes indocumentados que ingresaron ilegalmente y que estn protegidos frente a la deportacià ³n son los muchachos conocidos como Dreamers y que tienen aprobada una medida que se conoce como Accià ³n Diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s).  ¿Quà © sucede cuando se ingresa o se intenta ingresar ilegalmente 2 o ms veces? Las consecuencias civiles, es decir multas, penales y migratorias son ms graves que en el caso anterior. En primer lugar, multa econà ³mica de entre $50 a $250 dà ³lares, si bien esa cantidad se multiplica por 2 si previamente se castigà ³ a ese migrante con una multa por razà ³n de ingreso ilegal. En segundo lugar, puede haber pena de crcel, a entender de la siguiente manera: Las personas expulsadas o deportadas previamente de Estados Unidos por razà ³n de seguridad nacional, por ejemplo por pertenecer a pandillas, sern multados y/o condenados a prisià ³n por un mximo de 10 aà ±os. Si tiene ms de una condena, deber cumplirlas sucesivamente, es decir, no se permite la acumulacià ³n de condenas. Las personas expulsadas o deportadas de USA por 3 o ms faltas o por 1 delito si estos estn relacionados con drogas o delitos contra las personas sern castigadas con multa y/o prisià ³n por un mximo de 10 aà ±os. Las personas deportadas por un delito agravado pueden ser castigadas con multa y/o un mximo de 20 aà ±os en prisià ³n. Adems, en estos casos la reentrada o intento es considerada por sà ­ mismo un delito agravado. Finalmente, las personas deportadas por un delito no violento pueden ser castigadas por un mximo de 10 aà ±os de prisià ³n. En tercer lugar, hay importantes efectos migratorios ya que se produce la penalidad de la prohibicià ³n permanente para ingresar a Estados Unidos. Esto aplica en 2 casos: Cuando una persona ha pasado ms de 1 aà ±o ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos, todo el tiempo junto o de varias veces, despuà ©s sale y despuà ©s ingresa ilegalmente.Cuando una persona ha sido removida de los Estados Unidos e ingresa o intenta ingresar ilegalmente. Esto quiere decir que en la inmensa mayorà ­a de los casos nunca jams se podr regresar a los Estados Unidos legalmente. En casos excepcionales podrà ­a ser posible solicitar y obtener un perdà ³n para que se permita aplicar por una visa no inmigrante o una visa inmigrante si se califica para una. Si bien es siempre necesario vivir un mà ­nimo de 10 aà ±os fuera de los Estados Unidos antes de poder siquiera solicitar una autorizacià ³n para poder aplicar por la visa.  ¿Quà © leyes aplican para los casos de ingreso ilegal? Para estos casos aplican la Seccià ³n 275 de la Ley de Inmigracià ³n y Nacionalidad, conocida en inglà ©s por las siglas INA o el Tà ­tulo Octavo de la Seccià ³n 1235 del Cà ³digo de Estados Unidos (U.S.C., por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Biomedical engineering and IT coordination Essay

Biomedical engineering and IT coordination - Essay Example However, there was confusion on how to manage these devices. This is why Cabrai and Stankiewicz the head of NEHS clinical engineering group decided to give a new approach to the CE-IT overlap. They called for a summit that gave birth to the agreement that today acts as the model for VA hospitals across the United States. This change led to reduced support costs and brought forward a consistent level of skills and leadership in clinical engineering across all hospitals. It also led to the creation of a unified team that works efficiently with other programs in the VA. The MOU signed by IT, network directors and CE executives provided a framework for the establishment of a cooperative and productive working relationship between the two departments. Cabrai says that the review board was created because they wouldn’t include everything in the MOU. Stankiewicz on his part says that the MOU is reviewed annually during the summits in order to make the necessary changes so that it remains relevant. The operations within the medical centers have been made easier because of this agreement as it offers the guidelines on how to handle different

W2 Asign Determining Requirement in Data Warehousing Essay

W2 Asign Determining Requirement in Data Warehousing - Essay Example data warehouse, pick-up interesting data, format his or her own queries, drill through the data layers, and create custom reports and ad hoc queries† (Ponniah, 2010, p. 40). As such, these power users usually seek complex information, multidimensional (MD) analysis, and statistical analysis which could be facilitated through the online, intranet, internet, as the use of emails. As learned from Ponniah (2010), the â€Å"primary goal in the requirements definition phase is to compile information packages for all the subjects for the data warehouse† (p. 105). The kinds of requirements that one needs to gather at the requirements definition phase are categorized as follows: The gathering of information during this phase could be solicited through three (3) primary means or basic techniques: interviews, joint application development (JAD) sessions, and through questionnaires (Ponniah, 2010). Thus, the kind of details to be gathered would depend on the needs and demands of the users in the organizations. Through the use of the basic techniques for gathering information, as the query tools specialist, one must be able to comprehensively assess and determine the informational requirements of each user according to the category of requirements as stipulated above. Likewise, the types of questions that should be designed and communicated to the users should be structured in the most effective manner to facilitate solicitation of the appropriate response. Concurrently, it was also learned that aside from utilizing these three (3) basic techniques for data gathering and collection, one could gather useful information through the evaluation of existing documentation (Ponniah, 2010). As emphasized, â€Å"review of existing documentation can be done by the project team without too much involvement from the users of the business units. Scheduling of the review of existing documentation involves only the members of the project team† (Ponniah, 2010, pp. 115-116). Overall, as the

Cognitive Turn and Linguistic Turn :: Philosophy Symbols Papers

Cognitive and Linguistic Turn My first goal is to question a received view about the development of Analytical Philosophy. According to this received view Analytical Philosophy is born out of a Linguistic Turn establishing the study of language as the foundation of the discipline; this primacy of language is then overthrown by the return of the study of mind as philosophia prima through a second Cognitive Turn taken in the mid-sixties. My contention is that this picture is a gross oversimplification and that the Cognitive Turn should better be seen as an extension of the Linguistic one. Indeed, if the Cognitive Turn gives explicit logical priority to the study of mind over the study of language, one of its central features is to see the mind as a representational system offering no substantial difference with a linguistic one. However, no justification is offered for the fundamental assimilation of the nature of a mental representation with that of a linguistic symbol supporting this picture of the mind, although the idea that a system of mental representations is identical in structure with a system of linguistic symbols has been argued over and over. I try to demonstrate this point through a close critical examination of Fodor's paradigmatic notion of 'double reduction.' My second claim is that the widespread contemporary assimilation of a mental representation with a symbol of a linguistic kind is no more than a prejudice. Finally I indicate that this prejudice cannot survive a rigorous critical examination. 1. Introduction: linguistic symbol and mental representation A good deal of that important branch of contemporary philosophy which goes by the loose term of Analytical Philosophy lives, in my opinion, with a distorted representation of its own past, and consequently, with an inaccurate appreciation of the nature of its own achievements. As a matter of fact the belief is widely spread among analytical circles that the birth of Analytical Philosophy is the result of a Linguistic Turn taken by its founding figures G. Frege and B. Russell and then expanded into various directions by their notorious or less notorious followers. (1) To put it in a nutshell, the Linguistic Turn — of which historians give in fact conflicting accounts — (2) can be characterized by saying that it turned (better said, intended to) every philosophical problem — and most of all every psychological and epistemological one — into a problem about language, or at least into a problem dependent upon problems about language.

Language learning styles used by students in globalization

English linguistic communication is truly considered as a important linguistic communication since it has been used for pass oning worldwide. Therefore, larning English is really common in many states and linguistic communication acquisition manners are used by pupils in globalisation. Language learning manners are the nucleus factors that help make up one's mind how the pupils learn a foreign linguistic communication. A foreign linguistic communication is a linguistic communication studied in an environment where it is non the major vehicle for every twenty-four hours communicating and where input in the linguistic communication is classified ( Rebecca, 2003 ) . In an article by Mulalic et Al. ( 2009 ) , pupils larning manners have been unnoticed as an irrelevant faculty in the acquisition procedure. Apparently, one time lecturers become cognizant that different pupils learn assorted manners, they try to suit those learning manners in the schoolroom. When looking into lectors ‘ instruction patterns, it is possible to understand that the bulk of the lectors are non sensitive with their pupils larning manners. The jobs occur when lectors are non cognizant of the significance to make and research acquisition manners. Harmonizing to Felder ( 1996 ) , how much pupils learn in the category is determined partly by the pupils ‘ ability and anterior readying, and the capableness of their acquisition manners and the lector ‘s instruction manners. More specifically, Godleski et Al. ( 1984 ) , the pupils tend to be bored and inattentive in category, do ill on trials, acquire discouraged about the class, and may reason that they are non good at the topic of the class and give it up. In a research survey by Izzo ( 1980 ) , confirmed that the size of category is an of import physical factor which influences the pick of method, decreases the sum of single attending that the instructor gives to each pupil. However, she argued that little categories are preferred for linguistic communication acquisition and correlated significantly with linguistic communication accomplishment. In the research article by Tan ( 2008 ) , identified the chief troubles and jobs of EFL scholars in authorship by analysing the nature of their writing mistakes. The outstanding causes of the mistakes were attributable to the restriction of vocabulary size, low grammar apprehension and obstructor from first linguistic communication. In the determination of the survey, six effectual instructional schemes were suggested so that instructors can follow a more successful attack to better pupils ‘ composing proficiency such as acquisition words, instruction of cardinal sentence construction, demoing reading method, rectifying mistake and category meeting, apprehension of first linguistic communication intervention, and composing inducement. Since English linguistic communication has been introduced in Cambodia, EFL pupils ‘ acquisition manners have adapted to the linguistic communication acquisition. In the past pupils were likely to acquire cognition through listening to the instructors while instructors lacked specific developing about learning methodological analysis. In the survey by ( Nguyen 2001 ) , the learning manner of Kampuchean pupils is typically memorisation at the disbursal of realistic intent. Consequently, they would instead larn grammar and reading than on hearing and speech production. Specifically, most Kampuchean scholars feel more comfy and gratifying with holding things which are written on the whiteboard in order that they can compose them down and survey at place. Hopefully, pupils hope to acquire press releases of sum-ups or talk lineations. Furthermore, some Kampuchean scholars reveal that they face a batch of force per unit areas of how to accommodate the new cultural environment and how to acquire on with their equals in category. Some feel lonely because the ways they dress or talk are so different. As for the instance of EFL Cambodian schoolrooms, Keuk ( 2009 ) , found that most instructors use practical accustomed learning methods such as vocabulary interlingual rendition from 2nd linguistic communication to first linguistic communication. As a consequence, pupils are taught to retrieve balls of English linguistic communication with chiefly focused on grammar and vocabulary.1.2 Problem statementWithout acknowledging proper acquisition manners, pupils seem non to accomplish better consequences in their academic public presentation. Furthermore, pupils are less likely to better their linguistic communication acquisition really rapidly, as they do non cognize the effectual acquisition manners. In malice of the assortment of academic classs which the EFL university pupils take in English, and the tough attempts universities and lectors apply to develop pupils ‘ linguistic communication accomplishments, the pupils ‘ linguistic communication public presentation, unluckil y, has been boring. This could be recognized to the diverse acquisition manners and wonts which are used by pupils in analyzing English, including preferring holding things written on the whiteboard to listening to the lectors ‘ account, jitteriness of speech production in schoolroom, preferring grammar interlingual rendition signifier foremost linguistic communication to 2nd linguistic communication while larning English linguistic communication, and preferring working separately and personally to working in braces or groups. Didactically, most of the lectors pattern traditional instruction method, grammar interlingual rendition method signifier foremost linguistic communication to 2nd linguistic communication while learning English linguistic communication. The concluding noticeable job is that big categories pose some important challenges in category room scene and decreased effectivity of schoolroom direction.1.3 Aims of the surveyThis survey aims specifically to place the acquisition manners of EFL private university pupils in Cambodia. More interestingly, this survey intends to research the grounds why Kampuchean university pupils use different manners in their learning English as a foreign linguistic communication.1.4 Research inquiriesThis research aims to look into the effectual factors in larning English as a foreign linguistic communication. The undermentioned research inquiries can be formulated for the survey below. 1. How do Kampuchean university pupils describe their acquisition manners used in larning English as a Foreign Language? 2. Why do the pupils use different manners in their acquisition English?1.5 Significance of the StudyAs a portion of educational development, this survey is important for four grounds. First, researching pupils ‘ acquisition manners in English in Cambodian higher instruction will assist better pupil ‘s linguistic communication acquisition. Second, the survey will cast visible radiation on the effectual acquisition manners of EFL successful Cambodian university pupils, which can be used as a theoretical account of larning English. Third, this research will assist to lend to the utility of appropriate vocabulary instruction and larning techniques in order to advance vocabulary acquisition, peculiarly in EFL Cambodian context. In add-on, from a methodological perceptual experience, it is besides hoped that the findings from this survey will be utile for supplying meaningful suggestions for get the better ofing the jobs that may originate sing the acquisition manners of pupil s and how to suit assorted scholars in EFL schoolroom.16 Definition of cardinal footingsIn an effort to better understand this survey, some cardinal footings are defined as follows. EFL pupils ‘ acquisition manners mean techniques, behaviours, actions, wonts and stairss employed by scholars larning English as a Foreign Language to better and develop their different linguistic communication accomplishments: speech production, listening, reading, and composing. Furthermore, the term larning manner refers to the general attack preferred by the pupil when larning a topic, geting a linguistic communication, or covering with a hard job ( Oxford 2001 ; Reid 1998 )1.7 Proposed ChapterThis paper will be chronologically composed of five chief chapters. Chapter one is the debut, dwelling of background of the survey, research worker job, research aim, research inquiry, significance of the survey, and definition of cardinal constructs. Chapter two is literature reappraisal, which discusses on the jobs and solutions of the survey. Chapter three is methodological analysis, which consists of research design, participants, method, instruments, tools informations aggregatio n, information analysis, cultural consideration, strengths and restriction of research. Chapter four is treatment and findings of the survey, analysing the informations collected from the interviews. Chapter five is decision and recommendation, sum uping the jobs and findings of the survey and proposing some schemes to assist better the failings. Furthermore, these five chapters are followed consistently by mentions and appendices.CHAPTER2REVIEW OF LITERATURE2.1. Specifying acquisition mannersIn a survey by Aqel & A ; Mahmoud ( 2006 ) determined EFL pupils ‘ acquisition manners which are used in An-Najah National University. Consequently, the consequence of the findings suggested a assortment of learning English manners, including altering pupils ‘seats, bring forthing effectual activities, and utilizing ocular AIDSs, which are suited with larning manners used by pupils. Furthermore, the research workers suggested computing machine as a necessary class in English Departm ent and Department of Teaching Methods which give its successful undertaking in doing pupils rely on themselves to develop their linguistic communication proficiency. Besides, the research worker proposes that a survey should be conducted at other universities to detect the usage of larning manners of EFL pupils and the nexus between these manners and pupil ‘s features. In the research survey by Marin ( 2003 ) , the focal point of the probe was on the linguistic communication acquisition manners looking that pupils face linguistic communication troubles with great accomplishment but with small attempts. However, other pupils faced these troubles with a small success and satisfaction. Besides, this article proved that each scholar had his/her good manner of larning through his/her civilization, educational background and personality. Heffernan ( 1999 ) as cited in Aqel ( 2006 ) , determined that many surveies on linguistic communication acquisition manners applied and gained otherwise base on motive and result, degree of linguistic communication, old ages of learning linguistic communication, learning methods, hard content, and pupils ‘ background and sex. He besides added that successful linguistic communication scholars use assorted manners in larning linguistic communication, and the instructor can assist in increasing acquisition manners through learning schemes that likely help weak pupils to take the appropriate acquisition manners for dissimilar educational undertakings.2.2 Learning manners in schoolroomThe schoolroom still remains a good and comfy topographic point for pupils in larning their linguistic communication. Specifically, pupils ‘ acquisition manners have to be taken into history while learning English. In a survey by ( Haynes, 2001 ) , the linguistic communication scholars use certa in manners, particularly in their female parent lingua while larning their linguistic communication, and these manners are transferred when they learn a foreign linguistic communication. Similarly, several surveies ( Oxford 1993 ; O'Malley and Chamot, 1990 ) showed that pupils of linguistic communications used assorted larning techniques such as memorisation, repeat, and imitation, development of positive feeling to linguistic communication and application of information. In a research survey by ( Hayes, 1997 ; Strevens, 1978 ; Harmer, 1983 ) , big English categories are frequently related to miss of control and concentration, break, schoolroom interaction, peculiarly deficiency in the ability to talk English fluently. Furthermore, overcrowded category is one of the restraints on effectual instruction and acquisition. Besides, big categories cut down instructor ‘s attending, produces existent physical uncomfortableness and distraction that negatively affect scholar ‘s attitudes towards their acquisition. Bloom ( 1976 ) , making chances for little category group work which helps each other and proves to be a utile manner to actuate pupils and right mistakes. He besides believed that the size of the group is one of the chief elements which influences in linguistic communication acquisition. In covering with the jobs associated with big categories, Nnaji ( 1991 ) proposed tutorial categories as a solution to assist cut down the threat of big categories. She accepted as the truth that tutorial categories should be used to shorten the defects of big categories. Harmonizing to her, tutorials are debate Sessionss where instructors and pupils talk to each other and show their positions on subjects they did non wholly understand The learning manner of Kampuchean pupils is typically memorisation at the disbursal of realistic intent. Consequently, they would instead larn grammar and reading than on hearing and speech production. Specifically, most Kampuchean scholars feel more comfy and gratifying with holding things which are written on the whiteboard in order that they can compose them down and survey at place. Hopefully, pupils hope to acquire press releases of sum-ups or talk lineations. Furthermore, some Kampuchean scholars reveal that they face a batch of force per unit areas of how to accommodate the new cultural environment and how to acquire on with their equals in category. Some feel lonely because the ways they dress or talk are so different. ( Nguyen 2001 ) However, a figure of personality features have been associated with successful linguistic communication acquisition. These include being willing to take hazards ( Ruben 1979 as cited in Willis 2001 ) , holding self-confident ( Heyde as cited in Freeman and Long 1991 ) , and being interested ( Ellis and Sinclair as cited in Willis 2001 )2.3 Vocabulary acquisitionIn larning a foreign linguistic communication, vocabulary plays a critical function. It is one factor tie ining with the four accomplishments such as speech production, listening, reading and composing. In a research article by Mohd et Al. ( 2009 ) , investigated the rating larning vocabulary schemes of undergraduate EFL scholars and its relation to the scholars ‘ vocabulary size. There are five assorted classs of vocabulary larning schemes such as finding, memory, societal, cognitive, and metacognitive. Consequently, the findings of this survey led to some suggestions to better pupils ‘ vocabulary acquisition, dev eloped their vocabulary size, and enhanced their English acquisition. As for the instance of EFL Cambodian schoolrooms, Keuk ( 2009 ) , found that most instructors use practical accustomed learning methods such as vocabulary interlingual rendition from 2nd linguistic communication to first linguistic communication. Therefore, pupils are taught to memorise balls of English linguistic communication with chiefly focused on grammar and vocabulary. Maghsodi et Al. ( 2010 ) , reading should be encouraged either inside or outside category because it is the most of import tool which helps supply scholars with the vocabulary acquisition. It is believed that the more scholars are exposed to new words, they more they are likely to retrieve them. In the survey by Minji ( 2008 ) , explored which vocabulary direction is more helpful for larning English vocabulary. Consequently, each instructional attack is required to analyze, reappraisal, and integrate to find the utility as a whole. In the visible radiation of the major findings of this survey is that vocabulary direction is effectual overall for EFL scholars even though there are some instructional attacks which are non related to effectual acquisition. Harmonizing to National Reading Panel ( 2000 ) , helped find the effectual deductions of vocabulary direction for first linguistic communication scholars, including learning vocabulary both straight and indirectly, the importance of repeat and multiple exposures to vocabulary points, reconstituting vocabulary undertakings, and implying active battle in larning undertakings for vocabulary.2.4 Grammar acquisitionGrammar is viewed as an indispensable component for communicating to take topographic point because it identifies how linguistic communication is used. Harmonizing to Larsen et Al. ( 1997 ) , the misinterpretation of the function of grammar is recognized to the fact that it is ever considered to be governed by many fixed regulations. As for the instance of Mat et Al. ( 2010 ) , turn outing the assorted between the methodological outlooks and the scholars in contrast to the existent instruction methodological analysis followed by their teachers. More significantly, this research article focuses on the five facets medium of direction, including grammar direction, teachers as theoretical account, the utility of boring, apery and memorisation, and the usage of educational tools which is pertained to the foreign linguistic communication methodological analysis. In the determination of the survey, a serious divergency between pupils ‘ mentality and their existent schoolroom in footings of how grammar is instructed. Besides, grammar regulations should be explained and should non be trained and taught explicitly.2.5 Reading mannersReading involves a assortment of factors which may hold an impact on scholars ‘ reading ability. Weaver ( 1988 ) defined reading as the procedure of building intending through the e nergetic interaction among the reader ‘s bing cognition, the information recommended by the written linguistic communication, and the state of affairs in reading context. In a survey by ( Miller & A ; Yochum, 1991 ; Donnell & A ; Wood, 1999 ) , maintained that the reading troubles pupils face may be related to inaccurate cognition of the reading procedure, deficiency involvement and motive, eloquence, construct denseness, organisation, and hard vocabulary. Comprehension or reading schemes show how readers conceive of a undertaking, how they make sense of what they read, and what they do when they do non understand. In short, such schemes are procedures used by the scholar to heighten reading comprehension and overcome comprehension failures ( Singhal, 2001 ) . In a 2nd linguistic communication survey, Hosenfeld ( 1977 ) used a think-aloud process to place dealingss between certain types of reading schemes and successful or unsuccessful 2nd linguistic communication reading. The successful reader, for case, kept the significance of the transition in head while reading and skipped less of import words but the unsuccessful reader lost the significance of the sentences when decoded and rarely skipped unimportant words.2.6 Speaking mannersSpeaking is a key for pass oning worldwide. It is the productive accomplishment in linguistic communication acquisition, which places a great demand on pupils ‘ logical and critical thought. In the article by Widiati ( 2006 ) , discussed jobs in the instruction of EFL speech production, activities usually practiced, stuffs normally used in EFL speech production categories, and appraisal of unwritten English proficiency. Based on the determination, Indonesian scholars often have non achieved a good degree of ora1 English proficiency. For illustration, Mukminatien ( 1999 ) showed that pupils of English section have a batch of errors while talking. The errors consist of pronunciation, grammatical truth, vocabulary, eloquence, and synergistic communicating. Likewise, Ihsan ( 1999 ) found in his survey that pupils are likely to do mistakes, including the abuse of parts of address, syntactical building, lexical pick, and voice. Ihsan et Al. ( 1999 as cited in Eyiyuliwati 1997 ) , showed that pupils had troubles in utilizing grammar and in using new vocabulary points in talking category. When the ability to talk English is a really hard undertaking sing to the nature of what is included in speech production. Not all of the pupils in an EFL speech production category have the courage to talk. Many of the pupils feel nervous in a speech production category and some are likely to maintain silent. In the research by Padmadewi ( 1998 ) proved that pupils go toing a speech production category frequently felt dying because of demands from the speech production undertakings necessitating them to make presentation separately and spontaneously within restriction of clip. While Tutyandari ( 2005 ) , stated that pupils maintain quiet due to the deficiency of autonomy, prior, cognition about subjects, and hapless relationship between instructor and scholar. In order to cover with pupils ‘ limited cognition, she recommended talking instructors make active the pupils ‘ anterior cognition by inquiring inquiries associating to subjects under argument. Besides, she suggest ed that pupils ‘ self-pride can be improved and their jitteriness reduced by inquiring them to work in little groups. To accomplish a higher quality of the instruction of EFL speech production and to better the speech production accomplishment of Indonesian EFL scholars, Mukminatien ( 1999 ) , suggested instructors give their scholars more equal input for acquisition in the schoolroom and force them to utilize English either in or outside the schoolroom. More specifically, Citraniugtyas ( 2005 ) stated that a soundless speech production category can be made more active by delegating undertakings which develop pupils ‘ critical thought accomplishments. Purjayanti ( 2003 ) found presentation to be helpful to promote pupils to pass on thoughts in their Fieldss of survey. She added that through presentation and its readying pupils were able non merely to pattern speech production, but besides to seek for stuffs and present them in a planned manner. Small group treatment is an extra activity that can be conducted in EFL speech production schoolroom. Its purpose is to ease scholars to be participated actively in a treatment refering with pupils ‘ limited figure. In a survey of Murdibjono ( 2001 ) demonstrated that discoursing in little groups is an effectual activity so that pupils have more clip to pattern talking with their schoolmates.2.7 Listening mannersListening is a critical component in the competent linguistic communication public presentation of EFL university pupils. Therefore, listening comprehension is an of import sill, every bit good as requirement for unwritten proficiency. In the survey of Goh ( 1997 ) , troubles to listening compaction can be divided into individual cognition and undertaking cognition. The obstructions of individual cognition are: the restriction of vocabulary, idiomatic look, sorts of input with new construction, fast address. While the undertaking cognition related to new vocabulary, ass orted local speech patterns, address rate, the involvement and intent of listening, bing cognition and experience, physical factors, and the length of sentence construction. However, he suggested two schemes for assisting scholars become better hearer. The first is direct scheme ; it aims at increasing perceptual experiences. Learners L2 can better the hearing by practising perceptual experiences sound, content, pronunciation of new words, words, and modulation characteristics. The 2nd is the indirect scheme ; its purpose is to better cognition about talkers, undertakings, and scheme. Harmonizing Hann ( 2000 ) , the usage of uneffective larning schemes of scholars may impact their hearing comprehension and scholars ‘ experience. Assorted sorts of listening comprehension may do some jobs due to the insufficiency of the message from factors associating to the talkers ‘ address, and to the scholar proficiency in listening comprehension. Furthermore, it was found that EFL scholars are ill equipped with effectual hearing schemes, accomplishments, activities. To assist better better the hearing comprehension, in a survey by Wen-sheng ( 2007 ) , conducted in China, hearing is really important input, but many of the pupils in Chaozhou Normal College, Hanshan Normal University, and Chaozhou Guangdong were upset with listening. In the determination of the survey, there were a batch of important listening techniques which were neglected by instructors. However, a research worker suggests that more listening schemes should be taught in categories and learning program is given.2.8 Writing mannersIn the article by Hafida ( 2010 ) , conducted in Tlemsen, Algeria, analyze both the university demands for the English academic grade in Algeria, and pupils ‘ demands so as to better a pedagogical model that would react both exigencies. As a consequence of the probe, the research worker suggested the execution of a scheme such as based authorship course of study for EFL university pupils that would develop their strategic competency and consolidate their lingual cognition. Since the Chinese pupils ‘ hapless communicative ability in unwritten and written English, there is a concern in English instruction and acquisition in China. In the article by Yan ( 2006 ) explored a successful method so as to develop pupils ‘ speech production ability. As a consequence of the determination, Scenario-based Learning, two brooding theoretical accounts are introduced to better the unwritten and composing in English. Scenario-Based Learning ( SBL ) is a structured method for calculating out some issues impacting the lives of specific persons or groups of persons. Besides, It confronts pupils with an of import context based on existent life state of affairs which requires them to take portion in an imagined series of events. In the survey by Osman ( 2010 ) , investigates the troubles faced by novice academic authors and proposes recommendations to assist these authors to be better collaborative authors. In the determination of the survey, novice authors have troubles during their collaborative authorship, including inability to work with their spouses, hapless linguistic communication proficiency, hapless research accomplishments, holding limited clip to discourse, missing thoughts, confronting emphasis during collaborative authorship, ; hence, it is suggested that the university and the lectors should supply them with the chances of ( 1 ) supplying intensive reading plan ; ( 2 ) learning interpersonal accomplishments ; ( 3 ) instruction clip direction ; ( 4 ) supplying pre-collaborative writing Sessionss ; ( 5 ) supplying pre-collaborative writing Sessionss ; ( 6 ) and supplying teacher/ equal aid Harmonizing to Bereiter and Scardamalia ( 1987 ) as cited in Rouiller ( 2005 ) , composing by and large suffers from deficiency of interaction that stimulates unwritten production in conversation. However, to guarantee successful acquisition, Lam & A ; Wong ( 2000 ) as cited in Lourdunathan & A ; Menon ( 2005 ) , believe that scholars should show appropriate concerted behaviour and peer support. It is necessary because some pupils have troubles in forming their thoughts and are weak in English linguistic communication every bit good. This can impede them from take parting in their collaborative work.Chapter 3Methodology3.1Research designSince the purpose of this survey significantly focuses on a private university in Cambodia, the research worker will utilize a qualitative attack. The research worker will research the acquisition manners of EFL Cambodian university pupils. The instance survey method tends to consistently look into an event or a set of related events with the specific purposes of depicting and explicating this phenomenon. ( Berg, 2009 )3.2 ParticipantsThis is a instance survey which explores the acquisition manners of Kampuchean university pupils. The participants of this survey will be selected from a private university in Phnom Penh. The sample will dwell of 6 pupils, who are analyzing English Literature in that university. Besides, the research worker will take both female and male pupils. Before carry oning interviews, the research worker will do an assignment and advise the grounds of visit to the Rector of University.3.3 InstrumentWith the intent of acquiring trusty information, unstructured interview, informal conversation and participant observation will be used in order to obtain dependable informations. Interviews will be taped and open-ended inquiries ( see below appendix for inside informations ) . In add-on to the above interviews, category observation will be utile tool to obtain informations. The observation checklist will fundame ntally concentrate on pupils larning manners both in schoolroom and outside schoolroom.3.4 Data CollectionSince the qualitative informations aggregation process requires the research to plunge wholly in the nature scene, the research worker will transport out unstructured interview after observation and taking notes. The interviews will dwell of open-ended inquiries and tape-recording ( see Appendix below ) for the inside informations. Prior to transporting out the interviews, the research worker will inquire permission from university curate and pupils. The research worker expects each interview will take around 50 proceedingss and occur in the university or outside the university. The options for choosing site for interview will be provided for the participants because it helps cut down the participants ‘ troubles. Furthermore, the survey aim will be verbally informed to participants before carry oning interviews. With permission from participants, the research worker will u tilize tape-recording to enter the whole interviews. The research worker might inquire different participants to reply the inquiries based on their penchant. The research worker will personally detect English pupils utilizing participant observation techniques. The observation will fundamentally concentrate on pupils larning manners in schoolroom. The pupils will be asked to supply their responses about the acquisition manners of EFL Cambodian university pupils based on their thoughts. The experimental protocol will include the descriptive activities in the scene and brooding thoughts from the research worker. Besides these observations, informal conversation will be made with participants in order to obtain deeply their perceptual experiences about linguistic communication acquisition manners. The research worker may take a few brief notes in the field puting but take notes of learning techniques and behaviours after observation.3.5 Data AnalysisThe research worker will form and fi x the information for analysis every bit shortly as the information has been collected from the participants. Then the research worker will pass tonss of clip reading all informations and listening to tape entering in order to cancel the irrelevant information. Next, the research worker will code the text to categorise the information. Furthermore, relationship of informations will be identified to construe the significance of informations collected. Finally, in order to guarantee the dependability and cogency of informations, the research worker will seek to reread the informations and inquire researcher squad to look into the information. Furthermore, matrixes and graphs will be specifically presented. Therefore, they will visualise the troubles of Kampuchean EFL pupils ‘ acquisition manners3.6 Ethical ConsiderationTo successfully carry on this survey, the research worker will take into consideration about some precautions. First, the consent signifier will be given to the p articipants to subscribe if they truly agree to fall in in the survey. Second, the intent of this survey will be clearly informed to participants in order to construct common apprehension and resonance. Third, the research worker will deeply state the participants that their engagement will be voluntary and halting from interviews will be the participants ‘ pick. Finally, the research worker will maintain informations collected in secret topographic point which no 1 besides research worker will hold entree to acquire it. Furthermore, I will convey together the names of participants but maintain them confidential. Personal identifiers will be released to the populace in a manner that protects the designation of participants.3.7 Limitation of ResearchThis survey is guided with the undermentioned restrictions, which affect the generalization of the determination. First, the survey merely focuses on university English pupils in Department of English. Second, the survey may be limi ted in its analysis or generalization as it will be conducted in one Kampuchean private university, in which 6students will be selected. Third, since this survey will chiefly research merely of import acquisition manners, some points might be ignored. However, the intent of this survey is non to supply the wide generalisation but to research the acquisition manners of Kampuchean university pupils in a private university in Phnom Penh. Therefore, the above-named combination fortunes might restrict understanding and rating ; nevertheless, these are by and large overwhelmed and controlled by the research design.